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      Evaluation of viability of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins degradation in irradiated samples of maize Translated title: Avaliação da viabilidade de Aspergillus flavus e degradação de aflatoxinas em amostras de milho irradiadas

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          Abstract

          One of the currently most important fungi in stored grains is Aspergillus flavus, which produce aflatoxins. This fungus can grow on diverse substrates and represents a serious public health and animal nutritional problem. Therefore, the study of techniques that can be applied to the control of aflatoxins is of great importance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of gamma radiation on the growth of Aspergillus flavus Link and on degradation of aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB1 and AFB2) at a relative humidity of 97 99% and a water activity (Aw) of 0.88-0.94. Samples of corn grains were irradiated using a cobalt 60 source emitting gamma rays at doses of 2, 5 and 10 kGy. Irradiation was found to be effective in reducing the number colony-forming units of A. flavus, per gram, in the corn samples analyzed. In addition, the fluorescent viability test (fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide) revealed a decrease in the number of viable cells with increasing irradiation doses and three different fluorescence patterns. Furthermore, irradiation induced a partial reduction in AFB1 and AFB2 levels at the doses of 2 and 5 kGy, whereas complete degradation of aflatoxins was observed in the assay employing 10 kGy.

          Translated abstract

          Um dos fungos mais importantes atualmente em grãos armazenados é o Aspergillus flavus, o qual produz aflatoxinas. Este fungo pode crescer em diversos substratos e representa uma séria preocupação em saúde pública e nutrição animal. Portanto, o estudo de técnicas que possam ser aplicadas no controle das aflatoxinas é de grande importância. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da radiação gama no crescimento de Aspergillus flavus Link e na degradação das aflatoxinas B1 e B2, (AFB1 e AFB2) em umidade relativa (UR) de 97-99% e atividade de água (Aa) de 0,88-0,94. Amostras de grãos de milho foram irradiadas, utilizando-se uma fonte de Cobalto 60, emissora de raios gama, com as doses de 2; 5 e 10 kGy. A irradiação foi efetiva na redução do número de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias de A. flavus, por grama, nas amostras de milho analisadas. Adicionalmente, o teste de viabilidade fluorescente (solução de diacetato de fluoresceína e brometo de etídio) revelou diminuição no número de células viáveis com o aumento das doses de irradiação e três diferentes padrões de fluorescência. Além disso, a irradiação induziu a uma parcial redução dos níveis de AFB1 e AFB2, nas doses de 2 e 5 kGy, ao passo que uma completa degradação das aflatoxinas foi observada no ensaio empregado com 10 kGy.

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          Most cited references22

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          Aflatoxin in food and feed: occurrence, legislation and inactivation by physical methods

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            Influence of gamma-radiation on mycotoxin producing moulds and mycotoxins in fruits

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              Safety of Irradiated Foods

              J.F. Diehl (1995)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjm
                Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
                Braz. J. Microbiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia (São Paulo )
                1678-4405
                December 2005
                : 36
                : 4
                : 352-356
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares Brasil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] IFederal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food Germany
                Article
                S1517-83822005000400009
                10.1590/S1517-83822005000400009
                49e937b9-a8ce-4869-9403-714f04355316

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1517-8382&lng=en
                Categories
                MICROBIOLOGY

                Microbiology & Virology
                gamma radiation,Aspergillus flavus,fluorescent viability test,water activity,maize,radiação gama,teste de viabilidade fluorescente,atividade de água,milho

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