Two-dimensional LiTi ₂(PO ₄) ₃ flakes for enhanced lithium ions battery anode

Abstract

In this work, the LiTi ₂(PO ₄) ₃ (LTP) flakes have been prepared by employing a template method for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity. The 2D layered structure of LTP offers large aspect ratio and rich active sites, which not only create the large contact area between the electrolyte and electrode, but also promote the diffusion kinetics of Li ⁺. As a result, the Li ⁺ diffusion coefficient of lamellar LTP anode is 3.12 × 10 ⁻⁸ cm ² s ⁻¹, while it is only 5.01 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ cm ² s ⁻¹ for granular LTP anode. Further, the lamellar LTP anode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 986.8 mAh·g ⁻¹ at 0.1 A g ⁻¹, and remains at 231.1 mAh·g ⁻¹ after 100 cycles, which is higher than that of the granular LTP anode (340.5 mAh·g ⁻¹ at 1 ^st cycle, 169.3 mAh·g ⁻¹ at 100 ^th cycles). Thus, the lamellar LTP should be recommended as a potential anode for high-performance LIBs due to the fast charge-discharge performance and superior cycling stability.