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      • Record: found
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      What characterizes effective tooth brushing of daily users of powered versus manual toothbrushes?

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          Abstract

          Background

          Recent data show comparable deficits in oral cleanliness after tooth brushing in habitual users of powered toothbrushes (PT) and manual toothbrushes (MT). The present analysis explores the origin of these deficits by relating aspects of the observed tooth brushing behaviour to plaque after tooth brushing.

          Methods

          Users of rotating-oscillating PT (N = 48) and of MT (N = 52) brushed their teeth the best they could while being filmed. Video analyses assessed brushing time, number of sextants brushed sufficiently long (7.5 s per surface; NSBSL), brushing of outer surfaces with closed jaws, and brushing movements. Correlation analyses examined the relationship between these parameters and plaque after brushing (Marginal Plaque Index (MPI); Turesky modification of Quigley Hein Index (TQHI)) and gingivitis (Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI)).

          Results

          In PT users, correlations between behaviour and MPI-scores were significant for the NSBSL (outer surfaces: rho = − 0.249; inner surfaces: rho = − 0.510) and brushing duration (outer surfaces: rho = − 0.399; inner surfaces: rho = − 0.509). In MT users, vertical movements on the outer surfaces were positively related to MPI (rho = 0.299). In contrast, circular movements correlated negatively with MPI in those who brushed all outer sextants sufficiently long (n = 47: rho = − 0.294). In both groups, PBI-scores on the inner surfaces were negatively correlated to NSBSL and brushing duration (rho = − 0.327 − rho = − 0.246).

          Conclusion

          NSBSL and brushing duration appear to play an important role for brushing effectiveness and gingival health in PT and MT users. Whether PT users apply brushing movements or not apparently does not affect the result. In MT users, circular movements seem to be more efficient than vertical movements on the outer surfaces.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02045-0.

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          Most cited references15

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          Reduced plaque formation by the chloromethyl analogue of victamine C.

          S Turesky, I. Glickman, N D GILMORE (1970)
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            [Motivation and education].

            U P Saxer, H Mühlemann (1975)
            It was thought for many years that successful motivation in oral health should be based on the knowledge of epidemiology of caries and periodontal diseases and the methods of prevention. One should learn from mistakes: 95 per cent of the Swiss population "suffers" from caries and periodontal disease but apparently this had little impact on prevention. Simple, world-wide accepted methods of prevention are not used by the majority although they provide a pronounced reduction of caries and gingivitis. The number of Swiss communities which offer adequate preventive programs to schoolchildren ranges between 5 to 10 per cent. Although the budgets of school dental services could be lowered by 75%. Reasons for such failures may be inadequate information of dentists, authorities and the population. Not enough information is spread regarding sugarless sweets, or prevention by fluoride. Unsuccessful motivation probably also lies in the inadequate assignment of the roles ofthe patient, his dentist and the social security. So far only the dentist has formulated oral health duties to the patient, e.g. a better oral hygiene, a reasonable healthy nutrition. In the future the patient should have the right to ask the dentist some questions. Is his dentition at the end of a treatment, healthy and ready to render hygienic efforts effective? Patient, doctor and insurances should know that disease still exists if gingival papillae bleed upon using a toothpick. Absence or presence of gingival bleeding are the criteria for health or disease. A check list of the state of oral health and a signed questionnaire concerning the patient's knowledge of oral health are used to improve motivation of both patient and dentist.
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              Toothbrushing and flossing behaviour in young adults--a video observation.

              T Winterfeld, N Schlueter, D Harnacke … (2015)
              Video observation studies of habitual oral hygiene from the 1970s revealed a striking neglect of brushing oral surfaces and unsystematic brushing patterns with frequent movements between areas. These findings were not systematically followed up; furthermore, nothing is known about whether subjects are able to floss sufficiently. Therefore, the aim of this video study was to analyse the performance of habitual toothbrushing and flossing.
              Article 0 comments Cited 31 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Waldemar Petker-Jung: Waldemar.Petker@mp.jlug.de
                Ulrike Weik: Ulrike.Weik@mp.jlug.de
                Jutta Margraf-Stiksrud: margrafs@staff.uni-marburg.de
                Renate Deinzer: renate.deinzer@mp.jlug.de
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Oral Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Oral Health
                Title: BMC Oral Health
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6831
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 January 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 16 January 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 22
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.8664.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2165 8627, Department of Medicine, , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, ; Klinikstr. 29, 35392 Giessen, Germany
                [2 ]Marburg, Germany
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2045
                DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02045-0
                PMC ID: 8762860
                PubMed ID: 35034614
                SO-VID: 494bc0a4-dc76-4493-a821-b82451454bbe
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 16 November 2021
                Date accepted : 30 December 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (3114)
                Open Access :

                Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: oral health,oral hygiene,tooth brushing,dental devices,home care,powered tooth brush,dental plaque,behaviour observation techniques
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: oral health, oral hygiene, tooth brushing, dental devices, home care, powered tooth brush, dental plaque, behaviour observation techniques

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