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      The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Trophoblast Regulation in Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

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          Abstract

          Preeclampsia (PE) and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) are two pregnancy-specific placental disorders with high maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. The identification biomarkers involved in the dysregulation of PE and IUGR are fundamental for developing new strategies for early detection and management of these pregnancy pathologies. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as essential regulators of many biological processes in cells and tissues, and the placenta is not an exception. In this review, we summarize the importance of lncRNAs in the regulation of trophoblasts during the development of PE and IUGR, and other placental disorders.

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          Most cited references159

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          The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes

          Raghu Kalluri, Valerie LeBleu (2020)
          The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.
          Article 0 comments Cited 2939 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function.

            David Bartel (2004)
            MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 22 nt RNAs that can play important regulatory roles in animals and plants by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Although they escaped notice until relatively recently, miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes.
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              Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions

              María Yañez-Mó, Pia Siljander, Zoraida Andreu … (2015)
              In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells. While intensive investigation has targeted the role of EVs in different pathological processes, for example, in cancer and autoimmune diseases, the EV-mediated maintenance of homeostasis and the regulation of physiological functions have remained less explored. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs, which has been written by crowd-sourcing, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia. This review is intended to be of relevance to both researchers already working on EV biology and to newcomers who will encounter this universal cell biological system. Therefore, here we address the molecular contents and functions of EVs in various tissues and body fluids from cell systems to organs. We also review the physiological mechanisms of EVs in bacteria, lower eukaryotes and plants to highlight the functional uniformity of this emerging communication system.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1520 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Joris Vermeesch: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genes (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Genes (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): genes
                Title: Genes
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2073-4425
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 June 2021
                Publication date Collection: July 2021
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 970
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; lmonteiro@ 123456uandes.cl (L.J.M.); stephanie.acuna.gallardo@ 123456gmail.com (S.A.-G.); mmonckebergz@ 123456uandes.cl (M.M.); sillanes@ 123456uandes.cl (S.E.I.)
                [2 ]Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; rpenailillo@ 123456uandes.cl
                [3 ]Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Program in Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; mario.sanchez.rubio@ 123456gmail.com
                [4 ]Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; judith_ong@ 123456nuhs.edu.sg (J.O.); obgmac@ 123456nus.edu.sg (M.C.)
                [5 ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: gnardocci@ 123456uandes.cl
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-380X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-1208
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5991-9930
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-6480
                Article
                Publisher ID: genes-12-00970
                DOI: 10.3390/genes12070970
                PMC ID: 8305149
                PubMed ID: 34201957
                SO-VID: 48fd2946-f78b-4eb1-b23c-2d3ed2883677
                Copyright © © 2021 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 12 May 2021
                Date accepted : 16 June 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: long non-coding rnas,preeclampsia,intrauterine growth restriction
                Data availability:
                Keywords: long non-coding rnas, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction

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