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      Pesquisa Nacional de Aborto 2016 Translated title: National Abortion Survey 2016

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          Abstract

          Resumo Apresentamos os resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Aborto de 2016 (PNA 2016) e os comparamos aos da PNA 2010 quanto ao perfil das mulheres e a magnitude do aborto. A pesquisa se baseou em um levantamento domiciliar que combina técnica de urna e entrevistas face-a-face com mulheres de 18 a 39 anos, com amostra representativa do Brasil urbano. Os resultados indicam que o aborto é um fenômeno frequente e persistente entre as mulheres de todas as classes sociais, grupos raciais, níveis educacionais e religiões: em 2016, quase 1 em cada 5 mulheres, aos 40 anos já realizou, pelo menos, um aborto. Em 2015, foram, aproximadamente, 416 mil mulheres. Há, no entanto, heterogeneidade dentro dos grupos sociais, com maior frequência do aborto entre mulheres de menor escolaridade, pretas, pardas e indígenas, vivendo nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Como já mostrado pela PNA 2010, metade das mulheres utilizou medicamentos para abortar, e quase a metade das mulheres precisou ficar internada para finalizar o aborto.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract We present the results of the Brazilian National Abortion Survey of 2016 (2016 PNA) and compare them to those obtained in the 2010 PNA as per the profile of women and the magnitude of abortion. The PNA is based on a random sample that combines ballot-box questionnaires with face-to-face interviews with women ages 18 to 39 in urban areas of Brazil. The results show that abortion is a common and persistent occurrence among women of all social classes, racial groups, educational levels, and religions: in 2016, almost 1 in every 5 women had undergone at least one abortion by the age of 40. In 2015, approximately 416,000 women had an abortion. There is, however, heterogeneity among the social groups, with abortions being more frequent among women of lower educational levels, women who are Black, Brown and Indigenous, and women living in the North, Northeastern and Mid-western regions of the country. In line with the 2010 PNA, half of all women took medicine to abort and almost half of them were hospitalized to complete the abortion.

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          Aborto no Brasil: uma pesquisa domiciliar com técnica de urna

          O artigo apresenta os primeiros resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Aborto (PNA), um levantamento por amostragem aleatória de domicílios, realizado em 2010, cuja cobertura abrangeu as mulheres com idades entre 18 e 39 anos em todo o Brasil urbano. A PNA combinou duas técnicas de sondagem: a técnica de urna e questionários preenchidos por entrevistadoras. Seus resultados indicam que, ao final da vida reprodutiva, mais de uma em cada cinco mulheres já fez aborto, ocorrendo os abortos em geral nas idades que compõem o centro do período reprodutivo das mulheres, isto é, entre 18 e 29 anos. Não se observou diferenciação relevante na prática em função de crença religiosa, mas o aborto se mostrou mais comum entre mulheres de menor escolaridade. O uso de medicamentos para a indução do último aborto ocorreu em metade dos casos e a internação pós-aborto foi observada em cerca de metade dos abortos. Tais resultados levam a concluir que o aborto deve ser prioridade na agenda de saúde pública nacional.
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            Social stigma and disclosure about induced abortion: results from an exploratory study.

            It is well recognised that unsafe abortions have significant implications for women's physical health; however, women's perceptions and experiences with abortion-related stigma and disclosure about abortion are not well understood. This paper examines the presence and intensity of abortion stigma in five countries, and seeks to understand how stigma is perceived and experienced by women who terminate an unintended pregnancy and influences her subsequent disclosure behaviours. The paper is based upon focus groups and semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with women and men in Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru and the United States (USA) in 2006. The stigma of abortion was perceived similarly in both legally liberal and restrictive settings although it was more evident in countries where abortion is highly restricted. Personal accounts of experienced stigma were limited, although participants cited numerous social consequences of having an abortion. Abortion-related stigma played an important role in disclosure of individual abortion behaviour.
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              Estimating induced abortion rates: a review.

              Legal abortions are authorized medical procedures, and as such, they are or can be recorded at the health facility where they are performed. The incidence of illegal, often unsafe, induced abortion has to be estimated, however. In the literature, no fewer than eight methods have been used to estimate the frequency of induced abortion: the "illegal abortion provider survey," the "complications statistics" approach, the "mortality statistics" approach, self-reporting techniques, prospective studies, the "residual" method, anonymous third party reports, and experts' estimates. This article describes the methodological requirements of each of these methods and discusses their biases. Empirical records for each method are reviewed, with particular attention paid to the contexts in which the method has been employed successfully. Finally, the choice of an appropriate method of estimation is discussed, depending on the context in which it is to be applied and on the goal of the estimation effort.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva
                1678-4561
                February 2017
                : 22
                : 2
                : 653-660
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de Brasília Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de Brasília Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Estadual do Piauí Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232017000200653
                10.1590/1413-81232017222.23812016
                48c8c91c-4098-43ff-8339-ff4e8d7d5680

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-8123&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Brasil,Induced abortion,National Abortion Survey,Reproductive Experiences,Ballot-box technique,Brazil,Aborto induzido,Pesquisa Nacional de Aborto,História reprodutiva,Técnica de Urna

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