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      REPORTE DE CASO DE Aeromonas salmonicida EN TILAPIA NILÓTICA (Oreochromis niloticus) EN CALDAS, COLOMBIA Translated title: CASE REPORT OF Aeromonas salmonicida IN NILOTIC TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) IN CALDAS, COLOMBIA

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivos: Las Aeromonas salmonicida son bacilos gram-negativos, anaerobios facultativos, normales en medios ambientes acuáticos y en suelos, identificadas como agentes patógenos en animales poiquilotermos y homeotermos. Los cambios climáticos y la alta contaminación del agua han aumentado probablemente las bacterias en el medio ambiente e incrementado la casuística en las producciones piscícolas comerciales e intensivas, generando altas mortalidades y pérdidas económicas considerables, razón por la cual es importante identificar el agente patógeno por medio de los diferentes métodos diagnósticos. Resultados: El tratamiento a instaurar debe contemplar un manejo integral del medio acuático, contemplar métodos alternativos como la herbolaria medicinal o fitoterapia de plantas de uso común y de fácil acceso, económicos y biodegradables. Conclusiones: Se reporta por primera vez esta bacteria en la Estación Piscícola Caldas, coincidiendo con los cambios ecológicos y climáticos sufridos como factores predisponentes.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objetives: Aeromonas salmonicida are gram-negative bacilli, facultative anaerobes, normal in aquatic environments and in soils, identifi ed as pathogenic agents in poikilotherms and homeotherms. Climate changes and high-water pollution have probably increased the bacteria in the environment, increasing the casuistic in commercial and intensive fi sh production, thus generating high mortality and considerable economic losses, which is why it is important to identify the pathogen through diff erent diagnostic methods. Results: Th e treatment to be established must contemplate a comprehensive management of the aquatic environment, contemplate alternative methods such as medical herbalism or fi toterapia of plants of common use and easy access, economic and biodegradable. Conclusions: Th is bacterium is reported for the fi rst time in the Caldas Fish Station, coinciding with the ecological and climatic changes suff ered as predisposing factors. Key words: Aeromonadaceae, Aeromonas salmonicida, tilapia, cichlidae, fi sh farming.

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          Aeromonas spp. whole genomes and virulence factors implicated in fish disease.

          It is widely recognized that Aeromonas infections produce septicaemia, and ulcerative and haemorrhagic diseases in fish, causing significant mortality in both wild and farmed freshwater and marine fish species that damage the economics of the aquaculture sector. The descriptions of the complete genomes of Aeromonas species have allowed the identification of an important number of virulence genes that affect the pathogenic potential of these bacteria. This review will focus on the most relevant information derived from the available Aeromonas genomes in relation to virulence and on the diverse virulence factors that actively participate in host adherence, colonization and infection, including structural components, extracellular factors, secretion systems, iron acquisition and quorum sensing mechanisms. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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            The genome of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449: insights into the evolution of a fish pathogen

            Background Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a Gram-negative bacterium that is the causative agent of furunculosis, a bacterial septicaemia of salmonid fish. While other species of Aeromonas are opportunistic pathogens or are found in commensal or symbiotic relationships with animal hosts, A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida causes disease in healthy fish. The genome sequence of A. salmonicida was determined to provide a better understanding of the virulence factors used by this pathogen to infect fish. Results The nucleotide sequences of the A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida A449 chromosome and two large plasmids are characterized. The chromosome is 4,702,402 bp and encodes 4388 genes, while the two large plasmids are 166,749 and 155,098 bp with 178 and 164 genes, respectively. Notable features are a large inversion in the chromosome and, in one of the large plasmids, the presence of a Tn21 composite transposon containing mercury resistance genes and an In2 integron encoding genes for resistance to streptomycin/spectinomycin, quaternary ammonia compounds, sulphonamides and chloramphenicol. A large number of genes encoding potential virulence factors were identified; however, many appear to be pseudogenes since they contain insertion sequences, frameshifts or in-frame stop codons. A total of 170 pseudogenes and 88 insertion sequences (of ten different types) are found in the A. salmonicida genome. Comparison with the A. hydrophila ATCC 7966T genome reveals multiple large inversions in the chromosome as well as an approximately 9% difference in gene content indicating instances of single gene or operon loss or gain. A limited number of the pseudogenes found in A. salmonicida A449 were investigated in other Aeromonas strains and species. While nearly all the pseudogenes tested are present in A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains, only about 25% were found in other A. salmonicida subspecies and none were detected in other Aeromonas species. Conclusion Relative to the A. hydrophila ATCC 7966T genome, the A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida genome has acquired multiple mobile genetic elements, undergone substantial rearrangement and developed a significant number of pseudogenes. These changes appear to be a consequence of adaptation to a specific host, salmonid fish, and provide insights into the mechanisms used by the bacterium for infection and avoidance of host defence systems.
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              Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Aeromonas based on gyrB gene sequences.

              The phylogenetic relationships of all known species of the genus Aeromonas were investigated by using the sequence of gyrB, a gene that encodes the B-subunit of DNA gyrase. Nucleotide sequences of gyrB were determined from 53 Aeromonas strains, including some new isolates, which were also characterized by analysis of the 16S rDNA variable regions. The results support the recognition of the family Aeromonadaceae, as distinct from Plesiomonas shigelloides and other enteric bacteria. This phylogenetic marker revealed strain groupings that are consistent with the taxonomic organization of all Aeromonas species described to date. In particular, gyrB results agreed with 16S rDNA analysis; moreover, the former showed a higher capacity to differentiate between species. The present analysis was useful for the elucidation of reported discrepancies between different DNA-DNA hybridization sets. Additionally, due to the sequence diversity found at the intraspecies level, gyrB is proposed as a useful target for simultaneous identification of species and strains. In conclusion, the gyrB gene has proved to be an excellent molecular chronometer for phylogenetic studies of the genus Aeromonas.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bccm
                Boletín Científico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural
                Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Caldas
                Universidad de Caldas. Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones y Postgrados (Manizales, Caldas, Colombia )
                0123-3068
                January 2018
                : 22
                : 1
                : 76-85
                Affiliations
                [1] Manizales Caldas orgnameUniversidad de Caldas Colombia
                [3] Manizales Caldas orgnameUniversidad de Caldas Colombia E-mailalberto.grajales@ 123456ucaldas.edu.co
                [2] Manizales Caldas orgnameUniversidad de Caldas Colombia christine.hahn@ 123456ucaldas.edu.co
                Article
                S0123-30682018000100076 S0123-3068(18)02200100076
                10.17151/bccm.2018.22.1.6
                48867dd4-eb4d-4793-80ae-f92382660aca

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 July 2017
                : 22 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 66, Pages: 10
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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
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                piscicultura,Aeromonadaceae,Aeromonas salmonicida,tilapia,cichlidae,fish farming,Aeromona salmonicida,Ciclidae

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