Analysis of imported malaria epidemic in Changsha, 2015-2019

Abstract

Objective To analyze the imported malaria epidemic situation of Changsha city from 2015 to 2019, and we provide basis for consolidating the achievements of eliminating malaria and preventing and controlling malaria in the future.

Methods Data on malaria cases in Changsha from 2015 to 2019 were collected, and sorted through the National Infectious Diseases Information Reporting Management System (IDIRMS) and the Parasitic Diseases Information Reporting Management System (PDIRMS). The epidemiological features of malaria cases were described, and malaria diagnostic agency, diagnostic timeliness, state of an illness were analyzed by chi-square test and rank-sum test.

Results A total of 290 cases of imported malaria were reported in Changsha from 2015 to 2019, all of them were imported from abroad, with imported falciparum malaria accounting for 74.83%; Cases of malaria have been reported and distributed in nine districts (counties and cities) of Changsha. The current address is 151 cases in this city and 139 cases in other places. The majority of malaria patients are young and middle-aged male workers. The number of cases diagnosed and treated in municipal medical institutions was the highest, and the diagnosis rate in provincial medical institutions was the highest. There was no statistically significant difference in the interval between initial diagnosis and diagnosis in provincial, municipal and county medical institutions ( H=2.396, P>0.05). The timeliness of diagnosis increased in 2019 compared with 2015 ( H _{onset–initial diagnosis}=14.186, P<0.05; H _{initial diagnosis–diagnosis}=33.708, P<0.05). Totally 191 patients with severe malaria (including critical), falciparum has high rate of severe malaria patients compared with other species ( χ ²=6.712, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the timeliness of diagnosis among malaria patients with different disease degrees ( Z _{onset – – initial diagnosis} = –1.157, P>0.05; Z _{initial diagnosis – diagnosis}= –0.197, P>0.05).

Conclusion The timeliness of malaria diagnosis has been improved in Changsha, we should continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of imported malaria. Malaria control threshold should be moved forward.

Abstract

摘要:目的 分析2015—2019年长沙市输人性疟疾疫情,为巩固消除疟疾成果和今后的防控工作提供依据。 方法 通过国家传染病报告信息管理系统和寄生虫病防治信息管理系统,收集整理2015—2019年长沙市疟疾病例信 息,描述疟疾病例的流行病学特征,对疟疾诊断机构、诊断及时性、病情等情况采用 χ ²检验、秩和检验进行统计分析。 结果 2015—2019年长沙市共报告290例疟疾病例,全部为境外输人性病例,其中恶性疟患者占74.83% ;长沙市9个辖 区(县、市)均有病例报告和分布,现住址为本市病例151例,外地病例139例;疟疾患者以中青年男性务工人员居多;市 级医疗机构诊治病例数最多,省级医疗机构诊断率最高,省、市、县三级医疗机构初诊到诊断间隔时间差异无统计学意 义( H=2.396, P>0.05)；2019年相对于2015年诊断及时性上升( H _{发病-初诊}=14.186, P<0.05; H _{初诊-诊断}=33.708, P<0.05);疟疾 重症患者(包括危重)有191例,恶性疟相对于其他疟疾患者重症率高( χ ²=6.712, P<0.05)不同病情的疟疾患者诊断及 时性差异无统计学意义( Z _{发病-初诊}=-1.157, P>0.05; Z _{初诊-诊断}=-0.197, P>0.05)。 结论 长沙市输人性疟疾诊断及时性有所 提升,应继续做好输人性疟疾防控工作,疟疾防控关口前移。