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      Advances in gastrointestinal surgical endoscopy

      review-article
      Author(s):
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
      Publisher: Elsevier
      Keywords: Current update, Flexible endoscopy, History, Surgical endoscopy

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          Abstract

          Surgeons have a role in observing, detect abnormalities, disease, and other deficiencies in function which could be treated. Diagnosing and treating back days were challenging for many reasons. However, technology's innovation enhances surgeons' ability to treat their patients. The term endoscopy refers to the Greek prefix endo- (“within”) and the verb skopein (“to view or observe”). Endoscopy is practical both in the diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies. Technological advances, especially in endoscopy, gradually progress and discover many possibilities which allow rapid advancement. Endoscopy development aims to assess human orifice that has not been inspected, probed, and examined over the centuries. Endoscopy over these decades is improving, which led to new problem solving using advanced technological approaches. Thus, a surgeon can solve any issues from examination, diagnosis, and treatment using progressive endoscopy evolution. This review delivers a brief history of advances in surgical endoscopy and describes current endoscopy development.

          Highlights

          • •

            The advancement of endoscopies are the breakthrough to the upcoming possibilities in treating patients.

          • •

            Each step ahead in various approaches of endoscopy gain further improvement of patient outcomes.

          • •

            Diagnostic endoscopy is shifting as a new therapeutic modality to resolve patient's issues.

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          Most cited references86

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          Complications of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy.

          M L Freeman, D Nelson, S. Sherman … (1996)
          Endoscopic sphincterotomy is commonly used to remove bile-duct stones and to treat other problems. We prospectively investigated risk factors for complications of this procedure and their outcomes. We studied complications that occurred within 30 days of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy in consecutive patients treated at 17 institutions in the United States and Canada from 1992 through 1994. Of 2347 patients, 229 (9.8 percent) had a complication, including pancreatitis in 127 (5.4 percent) and hemorrhage in 48 (2.0 Percent). There were 55 deaths from all causes within 30 days; death was directly or indirectly related to the procedure in 10 cases. Of five significant risk factors for complications identified in a multivariate analysis, two were characteristics of the patients (suspected dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi as an indication for the procedure and the presence of cirrhosis) and three were related to the endoscopic technique (difficulty in cannulating the bile duct achievement of access to the bile duct by "precut" sphincterotomy, and use of a combined percutaneous-endoscopic procedure). The overall risk of complications was not related to the patient's age, the number of coexisting illnesses, or the diameter of the bile duct. The rate of complications was highest when the indication for the procedure was suspected dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi (21.7 percent) and lowest when the indication was removal of bile-duct stones within 30 days of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (4.9 percent). As compared with those who performed fewer procedures, endoscopists who performed more than one sphincterotomy per week had lower rates of all complications (8.4 percent vs. 11.1 percent, P=0.03) and severe complications (0.9 percent vs. 2.3 percent, P=0.01). The rate of complications after endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy can vary widely in different circumstances and is primarily related to the indication for the procedure and to endoscopic technique, rather than to the age or general medical condition of the patients.
          Article 0 comments Cited 410 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Incidence rates of post-ERCP complications: a systematic survey of prospective studies.

            Angelo Andriulli, Silvano Loperfido, Grazia Napolitano … (2007)
            To provide health-care providers, patients, and physicians with an exhaustive assessment of prospective studies on rates of complications and fatalities associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We searched MEDLINE (1977-2006) for prospective surveys on adult patients undergoing ERCP. "Grey literature" was sought by looking at cited references to identify further relevant studies. Data on postprocedural pancreatitis, bleeding, infections, perforations, and miscellaneous events as well as their associated fatalities were extracted independently by two reviewers. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test for data consistency between multicenter versus single center studies, and old (1977-1996) versus recent (1997-2005) reports. In 21 selected surveys, involving 16,855 patients, ERCP-attributable complications totaled 1,154 (6.85%, CI 6.46-7.24%), with 55 fatalities (0.33%, CI 0.24-0.42%). Mild-to-moderate events occurred in 872 patients (5.17%, CI 4.83-5.51%), and severe events in 282 (1.67%, CI 1.47-1.87%). Pancreatitis occurred in 585 subjects (3.47%, CI 3.19-3.75%), infections in 242 (1.44%, CI 1.26-1.62%), bleeding in 226 (1.34%, CI 1.16-1.52%), and perforations in 101 (0.60%, CI 0.48-0.72%). Cardiovascular and/or analgesia-related complications amounted to 173 (1.33%, CI 1.13-1.53%), with 9 fatalities (0.07%, CI 0.02-0.12%). As compared with old reports, morbidity rates increased significantly in most recent studies: 6.27%versus 7.51% (P(c)= 0.029). ERCP remains the endoscopic procedure that carries a high risk for morbidity and mortality. Complications continue to occur at a relatively consistent rate. The majority of events are of mild-to-moderate severity.
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              Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity.

              Anthony N. Kalloo, Vikesh K. Singh, Sanjay B Jagannath … (2004)
              A novel endoscopic peroral transgastric approach to the peritoneal cavity was tested in a porcine model in acute and long-term survival experiments. Transgastric peritoneoscopy was evaluated in 50-kg pigs. After upper endoscopy, the peritoneal cavity was accessed by needle-knife puncture of the gastric wall, followed by extension of the incision either with a pull-type sphincterotome or by balloon dilation. The peritoneal cavity was examined, and a liver biopsy specimen was obtained. The gastric wall incision was closed with clips. Twelve acute and 5 survival experiments were performed. Both techniques of gastric wall incision were without complication. The acute experiments demonstrated the technical feasibility of the approach. In the survival experiments, all pigs recovered and gained weight. The peroral transgastric approach to peritoneal cavity technically is feasible and has the potential to be an alternative to laparoscopy and laparotomy.
              Article 0 comments Cited 166 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Reno Rudiman
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ann Med Surg (Lond)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ann Med Surg (Lond)
                Title: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2049-0801
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 November 2021
                Publication date Collection: December 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 November 2021
                Volume: 72
                Electronic Location Identifier: 103041
                Affiliations
                [1]Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2049-0801(21)00991-2 Publisher ID: 103041
                DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103041
                PMC ID: 8636781
                PubMed ID: 34888040
                SO-VID: 4848e396-476c-4186-a8f6-f194a30ffd09
                Copyright © © 2021 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 6 October 2021
                Date revision received : 6 November 2021
                Date accepted : 9 November 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: current update,flexible endoscopy,history,surgical endoscopy
                Data availability:
                Keywords: current update, flexible endoscopy, history, surgical endoscopy

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