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      Long Non-coding RNAs as Important Biomarkers in Laryngeal Cancer and Other Head and Neck Tumours

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          Abstract

          Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a variety of tumors according to the origin. Laryngeal cancer (LC) represents one of the most frequent tumors in the head and neck region. Despite clinical studies and advance in treatment, satisfactory curative strategy has not yet been reached. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the identification of specific molecular signatures that better predict the clinical outcomes and markers that serve as suitable therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are reported as important regulators of gene expression and represent an innovative pharmacological application as molecular biomarkers in cancer. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most relevant epigenetic and histological prognostic biomarkers in HNC, with particular focus on LC. We summarize the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in HNC and LC development and their possible use in early diagnosis.

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          Long intergenic noncoding RNAs: new links in cancer progression.

          Miao-Chih Tsai, Robert C Spitale, Howard Y. Chang (2011)
          The process of cancer metastasis involves a series of sequential and complex steps. Here we give a perspective on recent results regarding noncoding transcription in cancer progression, focusing on the emerging role of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs). LincRNAs target chromatin modification complexes or RNA-binding proteins to alter gene expression programs. Similarly to miRNAs, lincRNAs exhibit distinct gene expression patterns in primary tumors and metastases. We discuss how lincRNAs can be used for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and serve as potential therapeutic targets. © 2011 AACR.
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            Topological Organization of Multi-chromosomal Regions by Firre

            Ezgi Hacisuleyman, Loyal A Goff, Cole Trapnell … (2014)
            RNA is known to be an abundant and important structural component of the nuclear matrix, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA). Yet the molecular identities, functional roles, and localization dynamics of lncRNAs that influence nuclear architecture remain poorly understood. Here, we describe one lncRNA, Firre, that interacts with the nuclear matrix factor hnRNPU, through a 156 bp repeating sequence and Firre localizes across a ~5 Mb domain on the X-chromosome. We further observed Firre localization across at least five distinct trans-chromosomal loci, which reside in spatial proximity to the Firre genomic locus on the X-chromosome. Both genetic deletion of the Firre locus or knockdown of hnRNPU resulted in loss of co-localization of these trans-chromosomal interacting loci. Thus, our data suggest a model in which lncRNAs such as Firre can interface with and modulate nuclear architecture across chromosomes.
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              HOTAIR: an oncogenic long non-coding RNA in different cancers

              Mohammadreza Hajjari, Abbas Salavaty (2015)
              Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to a group of RNAs that are usually more than 200 nucleotides and are not involved in protein generation. Instead, lncRNAs are involved in different regulatory processes, such as regulation of gene expression. Different lncRNAs exist throughout the genome. LncRNAs are also known for their roles in different human diseases such as cancer. HOTAIR is an lncRNA that plays a role as an oncogenic molecule in different cancer cells, such as breast, gastric, colorectal, and cervical cancer cells. Therefore, HOTAIR expression level is a potential biomarker for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in several cancers. This RNA takes part in epigenetic regulation of genes and plays an important role in different cellular pathways by interacting with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). In this review, we describe the molecular function and regulation of HOTAIR and its role in different types of cancers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 July 2019
                Publication date Collection: July 2019
                Volume: 20
                Issue: 14
                Electronic Location Identifier: 3444
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Biogem scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
                [2 ]Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: michele.caraglia@ 123456unicampania.it ; Tel.: +39-081-5665871
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-6669
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-20-03444
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143444
                PMC ID: 6678449
                PubMed ID: 31336999
                SO-VID: 476d5bac-42bb-44e1-a6bf-9c6f17c66c42
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 27 May 2019
                Date accepted : 09 July 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: head and neck cancer (hnc),head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (hnscc),laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (lscc),laryngeal cancer (lc),long ncrna (lncrna),prognostic biomarker
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: head and neck cancer (hnc), head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (hnscc), laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (lscc), laryngeal cancer (lc), long ncrna (lncrna), prognostic biomarker

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