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      Virulence potential of filamentous fungi isolated from poultry barns in Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Opportunistic fungi are those that normally would not cause diseases in otherwise healthy people, but are able to cause problems under some circumstances, and for this they need to possess a certain virulence potential. The objective of this study was to identify samples of filamentous fungi isolated from poultry barns in Cascavel, Paraná, and also to evaluate their virulence potential by assessing proteinase production, hemolytic activity, urease production, and growth rate at 37 ºC. We have evaluated the following samples: Acremonium hyalinulum (1 sample), Aspergillus sp. (12), Beauveria bassiana (1), Curvularia brachyspora (1), Paecilomyces variotti (1), and Penicillium sp. (2). Out of the 18 samples analyzed, 44.4% showed proteolytic activity using albumin as the substrate versus 66.7% when using casein; 66.7% showed hemolytic activity, 83.3% were positive for urea, and 88.9% grew at a temperature of 37 ºC. The results demonstrated that the majority of the isolates expressed virulence factors. Therefore, these isolates have the potential to harm human hosts, such as those working at poultry barns, especially predisposed or susceptible individuals.

          Translated abstract

          Fungos oportunistas são aqueles que normalmente não causariam doenças em pessoas saudáveis, mas eles são capazes de causar problemas sob certas circunstâncias e, para isso, eles necessitam possuir algum potencial de virulência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar amostras de fungos filamentosos isolados de granjas de aves em Cascavel, Paraná, e também avaliar o seu potencial de virulência, verificando a produção de proteinase, atividade hemolítica, produção de urease e crescimento a 37 ºC. Foram avaliados Acremonium hyalinulum (01), Aspergillus sp (12), Beauveria bassiana (01), Curvularia brachyspora (01), Paecylomices variotti (01) e Penicillium sp (02). Das 18 amostras, 44,4% apresentaram atividade proteolítica usando como substrato a albumina e 66,7% com caseína; 66,7% demonstraram atividade hemolítica, 83,3% foram uréia positivas e 88,9% cresceram em temperatura de 37 ºC. Os resultados demonstram que a maioria dos isolados expressaram fatores de virulência e, portanto, têm potencial para causar danos a hospedeiros humanos como os trabalhadores dos aviários, sobretudo em indivíduos predispostos ou suscetíveis.

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          Most cited references78

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          Current perspectives on ophthalmic mycoses.

          J. Thomas (2003)
          Fungi may infect the cornea, orbit and other ocular structures. Species of Fusarium, Aspergillus, Candida, dematiaceous fungi, and Scedosporium predominate. Diagnosis is aided by recognition of typical clinical features and by direct microscopic detection of fungi in scrapes, biopsy specimens, and other samples. Culture confirms the diagnosis. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, or DNA-based tests may also be needed. Pathogenesis involves agent (invasiveness, toxigenicity) and host factors. Specific antifungal therapy is instituted as soon as the diagnosis is made. Amphotericin B by various routes is the mainstay of treatment for life-threatening and severe ophthalmic mycoses. Topical natamycin is usually the first choice for filamentous fungal keratitis, and topical amphotericin B is the first choice for yeast keratitis. Increasingly, the triazoles itraconazole and fluconazole are being evaluated as therapeutic options in ophthalmic mycoses. Medical therapy alone does not usually suffice for invasive fungal orbital infections, scleritis, and keratitis due to Fusarium spp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Pythium insidiosum. Surgical debridement is essential in orbital infections, while various surgical procedures may be required for other infections not responding to medical therapy. Corticosteroids are contraindicated in most ophthalmic mycoses; therefore, other methods are being sought to control inflammatory tissue damage. Fungal infections following ophthalmic surgical procedures, in patients with AIDS, and due to use of various ocular biomaterials are unique subsets of ophthalmic mycoses. Future research needs to focus on the development of rapid, species-specific diagnostic aids, broad-spectrum fungicidal compounds that are active by various routes, and therapeutic modalities which curtail the harmful effects of fungus- and host tissue-derived factors.
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            Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence

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              Aspergillus fumigatus: growth and virulence.

              Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous fungus that plays an important role in carbon and nitrogen recycling in nature. Because A. fumigatus is thermotolerant, it is a predominant organism during the high-temperature phase of the compost cycle. The ability to grow at elevated temperatures and to utilize numerous varied sources of both carbon and nitrogen to support its growth have made A. fumigatus an important opportunistic pathogen of humans as well as a vital part of the nutrient-recycling ecosystem. Data correlating the growth rate and germination potential of A. fumigatus at 37 degrees C with its pathogenic potential suggest that these are related, both when viewed from a population standpoint and when analyzed on a single gene basis. Nutritional versatility has been cited as an important contributor to virulence as well. Indeed, perturbation of pathways involved with nitrogen or carbon sensing has been shown to reduce virulence in animal models, even when in vitro growth rates have not been altered. Therefore, the remarkable ability of A. fumigatus to grow efficiently under a variety of environmental conditions and to utilize a wide variety of substrates to meet its nutritional needs contributes to its role as the predominant mould pathogen of immunocompromised patients.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: COORD
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjps
                Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
                Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.
                Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (São Paulo )
                2175-9790
                March 2011
                : 47
                : 1
                : 155-160
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S1984-82502011000100019
                10.1590/S1984-82502011000100019
                46da9286-d3ae-40d8-951e-be2ff431f63b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1984-8250&lng=en
                Categories
                PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Filamentous fungi,Fungos filamentosos
                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Filamentous fungi, Fungos filamentosos

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