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      Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Plants on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Humans: A Systematic Review

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          Abstract

          The pharmaceutical industry has made great strides in providing drugs that are able to stimulate the healing process, but only 1–3% of all drugs that are listed in Western pharmacopoeias are intended for use on the skin or cutaneous wounds. Of these, at least one-third are obtained from plants. We sought to review the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on human skin lesions. For this systematic review, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify clinical trials that were published from 1997 to 2017. We reviewed studies that described the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of skin lesions in humans. Ten studies were selected, eight of which were published from 2007 to 2016, with a total of 503 patients. Among the plant species that were used for the treatment of human skin lesions, 12 belonged to 11 families and were included in the analysis. All of the plant species that were studied presented high therapeutic potential for the treatment of cutaneous lesions.

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          Inflammation in wound repair: molecular and cellular mechanisms.

          Sabine A. Eming, Thomas Krieg, Jeffrey Davidson (2007)
          In post-natal life the inflammatory response is an inevitable consequence of tissue injury. Experimental studies established the dogma that inflammation is essential to the establishment of cutaneous homeostasis following injury, and in recent years information about specific subsets of inflammatory cell lineages and the cytokine network orchestrating inflammation associated with tissue repair has increased. Recently, this dogma has been challenged, and reports have raised questions on the validity of the essential prerequisite of inflammation for efficient tissue repair. Indeed, in experimental models of repair, inflammation has been shown to delay healing and to result in increased scarring. Furthermore, chronic inflammation, a hallmark of the non-healing wound, predisposes tissue to cancer development. Thus, a more detailed understanding in mechanisms controlling the inflammatory response during repair and how inflammation directs the outcome of the healing process will serve as a significant milestone in the therapy of pathological tissue repair. In this paper, we review cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling inflammation in cutaneous tissue repair and provide a rationale for targeting the inflammatory phase in order to modulate the outcome of the healing response.
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            Impaired wound healing.

            Nathan B Menke, Kevin Ward, Tarynn M Witten … (2015)
            Nonhealing wounds represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for a large portion of the population. One of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the failure of chronic wounds to heal is an out-of-control inflammatory response that is self-sustaining. Underappreciation of the inherent complexity of the healing wound has led to the failure of monotherapies, with no significant reduction in wound healing times. A model of the inflammatory profile of a nonhealing wound is one in which the equilibrium between synthesis and degradation has been shifted toward degradation. This review summarizes the current information regarding acute wound healing responses as contrasted to the delayed response characteristic of chronic wounds. In addition, some initial complexity theoretical models are proposed to define and explain the underlying pathophysiology.
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              Cardiovascular effects of Danshen.

              Tsung Cheng (2007)
              Danshen is one of the most versatile Chinese herbal drugs that have been used for hundred of years in the treatment of numerous ailments. Because of its properties of improving microcirculation, causing coronary vasodilatation, suppressing the formation of thromboxane, inhibiting platelet adhesion and aggregation, and protecting against myocardial ischemia, it is widely used either alone or in combination with other herbal ingredients for patients with coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases, in both China and other countries including the United States. This article provides an overview of its history, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical applications, side effects, interactions with Western drugs, and future prospects in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Tarcisio Vitor Augusto Lordani:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9997-6809
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mediators Inflamm
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mediators Inflamm
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MI
                Title: Mediators of Inflammation
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 0962-9351
                ISSN (Electronic): 1466-1861
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 April 2018
                Volume: 2018
                Electronic Location Identifier: 7354250
                Affiliations
                1Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Pathophysiology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Jardim Universitário, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
                2Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Jardim Universitário, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
                3Department of Clinical Nutrition, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 1619, Universitário, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
                4Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 1619, Universitário, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
                5Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Jardim Universitário, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Giuseppe Valacchi

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9997-6809
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-4163
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2018/7354250
                PMC ID: 5901822
                PubMed ID: 29805312
                SO-VID: 467cf57f-d98c-4f58-b5d0-d932d1ce46d3
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Tarcisio Vitor Augusto Lordani et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 29 September 2017
                Date accepted : 2 January 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: State University of West Paraná
                Funded by: State University of Maringá
                Funded by: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
                Funded by: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology

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