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      Factores predictivos de las infecciones posoperatorias Translated title: Prediction factors of the postoperative infections

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          Abstract

          Introducción: la génesis de las infecciones posquirúrgicas es multifactorial. Existen estudios internacionales que evidencian los diversos factores predictivos relacionados con la aparición de estas complicaciones, las que todavía afectan a un número considerable de pacientes intervenidos, todo lo cual justifica el interés en la realización de este trabajo. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de algunos de los factores predictivos relacionados con la aparición de las infecciones posoperatorias en nuestro medio. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de los pacientes ingresados y operados que presentaron infecciones posquirúrgicas en el servicio de cirugía general del Hospital Provincial Docente "Saturnino Lora" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el año 2008, según posibles factores predictivos seleccionados. Resultados: con relación al grado de contaminación, la tasa global de infección posoperatoria y la de heridas limpias estuvo en límites universalmente aceptados, aunque fueron más elevadas en las intervenciones urgentes, sucias y contaminadas para las localizadas en el sitio quirúrgico, así como en enfermos con estado físico preoperatorio según la American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) ASA II Y ASA III, con independencia de su estado nutricional y el tiempo quirúrgico en que se efectuaron las intervenciones. Conclusiones: las tasas de infecciones posquirúrgicas aumentaron en la medida en que fueron desfavorables las condiciones bajo las que se efectuaron las operaciones, y los factores predictivos seleccionados se relacionaron principalmente para las localizadas en el sitio quirúrgico, con el grado de contaminación, el tipo de intervención y el estado físico preoperatorio del paciente.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: the genesis of the postsurgical infections is multifactor. The are many international studies evidencing the different prediction factors related to the appearance of these complications, which still involve a significant number of patients operated on, thus justifying the interest in the conduction of present paper. Objective: to describe the behavior the some of the prediction factors related to appearance of the postoperative infections in our practice. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was conducted in admitted and operated on patients with postsurgical infections in the general surgery service of the "Saturnino Lora" Teaching Provincial Hospital over 2008, according to the selected prediction factors. Results: in relation to the contamination, the global rate of postoperative infection and that of the clean wounds are within the universally accepted limits, although are higher in the urgent, dirty and contaminated interventions for that located in the surgical site, as well as in patients with an ASA II and ASA III physical condition according the American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) independently of its nutritional status and the surgical time of interventions. Conclusions: the postsurgical infection rates increase as far as the conditions to operate on are unfavourable and the selected prediction factors are related mainly to that located in the surgical site, with de contamination level, the type of intervention and the physical preoperative status of patient.

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          Severe sepsis and septic shock. Definitions, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations.

          R Balk (2000)
          Severe sepsis and septic shock are frequently encountered conditions in today's hospital environment. The incidence appears to be increasing despite our growing armamentarium of antibiotics and our enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiologic processes at play. The clinical presentation may take a variety of forms, especially in patients at the extremes of age and in the immunocompromised population. A high index of suspicion and prompt institution of appropriate antimicrobial treatment is mandatory for a successful outcome. It is hoped that adoption of uniform definitions will aid in research and in effective communication concerning sepsis and its adverse sequelae.
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            Surgical wound infection as a performance indicator: agreement of common definitions of wound infection in 4773 patients.

            To assess the level of agreement between common definitions of wound infection that might be used as performance indicators. Prospective observational study. London teaching hospital group receiving emergency cases as well as tertiary referrals. 4773 surgical patients staying in hospital at least two nights. Numbers of wound infections based on purulent discharge alone, on the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) definition of wound infection, on the nosocomial infection national surveillance scheme (NINSS) version of the CDC definition, and on the ASEPSIS scoring method. 5804 surgical wounds were assessed during 5028 separate hospital admissions. The mean percentage of wounds classified as infected differed substantially with different definitions: 19.2% with the CDC definition (95% confidence interval 18.1% to 20.4%), 14.6% (13.6% to 15.6%) with the NINSS version, 12.3% (11.4% to 13.2%) with pus alone, and 6.8% (6.1% to 7.5%) with an ASEPSIS score > 20. The agreement between definitions with respect to individual wounds was poor. Wounds with pus were automatically defined as infected with the CDC, NINSS, and pus alone definitions, but only 39% (283/714) of these had ASEPSIS scores > 20. Small changes made to the CDC definition or even in its interpretation, as with the NINSS version, caused major variation in estimated percentage of wound infection. Substantial numbers of wounds were differently classified across the grades of infection. A single definition used consistently can show changes in percentage wound infection over time at a single centre, but differences in interpretation prevent comparison between different centres.
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              Visión actualizada de las infecciones intrahospitalarias

              Se hizo una revisión sobre el tema de las infecciones intrahospitalarias que incluyó la historia de esas infecciones desde sus orígenes, las grandes figuras de la medicina relacionadas con ellas y sus aportes, hasta los esfuerzos que en la actualidad se llevan a cabo en la prevención y el control de ese azote de los hospitales. Se brindaron datos que muestran el impacto negativo que sobre la salud, la economía y la sociedad tienen las infecciones nosocomiales. Se enunciaron los enfoques más modernos sobre el concepto y los factores que originan estas infecciones, así como sus actuales agentes causales. Todo lo anterior visto desde una óptica que abarca, no solo la realidad nacional sino también la internacional y concretamente en el Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto".
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cir
                Revista Cubana de Cirugía
                Rev Cubana Cir
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0034-7493
                1561-2945
                September 2011
                : 50
                : 3
                : 257-265
                Affiliations
                [01] Santiago de Cuba orgnameHospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora Cuba
                Article
                S0034-74932011000300002 S0034-7493(11)05000302
                4661b228-cbe2-4d1d-aa9b-0351e714e0ba

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 July 2010
                : 19 August 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                ARTICULOS ORIGINALES

                postoperative infection,estado nutricional,estado físico,infección del sitio operatorio,operaciones electivas y urgentes,grado de contaminación,factores predictivos,infección posoperatoria,prediction factors,contamination level,elective and urgent operations,infection at the operative site,physical status and nutritional status

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