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      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
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      Is Open Access

      THE EFFECTS OF MODERATE-INTENSITY AEROBIC EXERCISE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH STROKE-INDUCED MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED PILOT STUDY

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To assess the impact of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on working memory in stroke-induced mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

          Design

          Randomized, double-blind controlled study.

          Subjects and methods

          Twenty MCI patients from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (December 2021 to February 2023), aged 34–79, 2–12 months post-stroke, were divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), each with 10 participants. The EG underwent standard rehabilitation plus 40 minutes of aerobic exercise, while the CG received only standard therapy, 5 times weekly for 2 weeks. Working memory was tested using the n-back task, and overall cognitive function was measured with the MOCA and MMSE Scales before and after the intervention.

          Results

          The EG showed higher 3-back correctness (71.80 ± 14.53 vs 56.50 ± 13.66), MOCA scores (27.30 ± 1.57 vs 24.00 ± 3.13), and improved visuo-spatial/executive (4.60 ± 0.52 vs 3.30 ± 1.06) and delayed recall (4.30 ± 0.82 vs 3.00 ± 1.56) on the MOCA scale compared with the CG.

          Conclusion

          Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may enhance working memory, visuospatial/executive, and delayed recall functions in stroke-induced MCI patients.

          LAY ABSTRACT

          This study assessed the effects of routine rehabilitation therapy versus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on working memory in individuals with stroke-induced mild cognitive impairment. The results suggest that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise could serve as an effective therapeutic approach to enhance working memory in this population.

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          Most cited references36

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          "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.

          M F Folstein, S Folstein, P R McHugh (1975)
          Article 0 comments Cited 3531 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.

            (2014)
            Published research in English-language journals are increasingly required to carry a statement that the study has been approved and monitored by an Institutional Review Board in conformance with 45 CFR 46 standards if the study was conducted in the United States. Alternative language attesting conformity with the Helsinki Declaration is often included when the research was conducted in Europe or elsewhere. The Helsinki Declaration was created by the World Medical Association in 1964 (ten years before the Belmont Report) and has been amended several times. The Helsinki Declaration differs from its American version in several respects, the most significant of which is that it was developed by and for physicians. The term "patient" appears in many places where we would expect to see "subject." It is stated in several places that physicians must either conduct or have supervisory control of the research. The dual role of the physician-researcher is acknowledged, but it is made clear that the role of healer takes precedence over that of scientist. In the United States, the federal government developed and enforces regulations on researcher; in the rest of the world, the profession, or a significant part of it, took the initiative in defining and promoting good research practice, and governments in many countries have worked to harmonize their standards along these lines. The Helsinki Declaration is based less on key philosophical principles and more on prescriptive statements. Although there is significant overlap between the Belmont and the Helsinki guidelines, the latter extends much further into research design and publication. Elements in a research protocol, use of placebos, and obligation to enroll trials in public registries (to ensure that negative findings are not buried), and requirements to share findings with the research and professional communities are included in the Helsinki Declaration. As a practical matter, these are often part of the work of American IRBs, but not always as a formal requirement. Reflecting the socialist nature of many European counties, there is a requirement that provision be made for patients to be made whole regardless of the outcomes of the trial or if they happened to have been randomized to a control group that did not enjoy the benefits of a successful experimental intervention.
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              Working Memory 2.0

              Earl Miller, Mikael Lundqvist, André Bastos (2018)
              Working memory is the fundamental function by which we break free from reflexive input-output reactions to gain control over our own thoughts. It has two types of mechanisms: online maintenance of information and its volitional or executive control. Classic models proposed persistent spiking for maintenance but have not explicitly addressed executive control. We review recent theoretical and empirical studies that suggest updates and additions to the classic model. Synaptic weight changes between sparse bursts of spiking strengthen working memory maintenance. Executive control acts via interplay between network oscillations in gamma (30-100 Hz) in superficial cortical layers (layers 2 and 3) and alpha and beta (10-30 Hz) in deep cortical layers (layers 5 and 6). Deep-layer alpha and beta are associated with top-down information and inhibition. It regulates the flow of bottom-up sensory information associated with superficial layer gamma. We propose that interactions between different rhythms in distinct cortical layers underlie working memory maintenance and its volitional control.
              Article 0 comments Cited 250 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Rehabil Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Rehabil Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JRM
                Title: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
                Publisher: MJS Publishing, on behalf of the Foundation for Rehabilitation Information
                ISSN (Print): 1650-1977
                ISSN (Electronic): 1651-2081
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 July 2024
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Volume: 56
                Electronic Location Identifier: 33001
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Dongsheng Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
                [2 ]Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
                [3 ]Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
                [4 ]Department of Rehabilitation, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
                Author notes
                Correspondence address: Haining Ou, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.55, Inner Ring Road, Guangzhou University Town, Xiaoguwei Island, Panyu District, 511400 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. E-mail: 827367058@ 123456qq.com .
                Article
                Publisher ID: JRM-56-33001
                DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.33001
                PMC ID: 11247515
                PubMed ID: 38956964
                SO-VID: 455e3dbc-ac94-4c94-b02a-4da0113b03ec
                Copyright © © 2024 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

                History
                Date received : 30 November 2023
                Date accepted : 27 May 2024
                Funding
                Funding/financial support Guangdong Province Department of Education (No. 2021ZDZX2063). Guangzhou and University Foundation [Grant Number: 202102010100]. Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [Grant Number: 2021A1515012197]. Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine–Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Talent Training Project.
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: stroke,aerobic exercise,cognitive function,work-ing memory,
                Data availability:
                Keywords: stroke, aerobic exercise, cognitive function, work-ing memory,

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