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      Una revisión actualizada del síndrome de deleción (monosomía) 1p36 Translated title: An updated review of 1p36 deletion (monosomy) syndrome

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          Abstract

          El síndrome de monosomía 1p36 forma parte del grupo de enfermedades conocidas como «enfermedades de baja prevalencia» o «enfermedades raras». El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar los hallazgos de los principales estudios realizados en niños diagnosticados con el síndrome de monosomía 1p36. El fenotipo del síndrome de deleción (monosomía) 1p36 delineado desde 1997 incluye rasgos craneofaciales dismórficos: fontanela anterior grande, cejas rectas, ojos hundidos, epicanto, raíz/puente nasal anchos, hipoplasia del tercio medio facial, orejas implantadas anormalmente, filtrum largo y barbilla puntiaguda; alteraciones neurológicas: convulsiones e hidrocefalia (en casos aislados); malformaciones cerebrales observadas en imágenes por resonancia magnética (IRM): ensanchamiento ventricular, ensanchamiento de espacios subaracnoideos, alteraciones morfológicas del cuerpo calloso, entre otras. La IRM evidencia en algunos pacientes atrofia cortical, retraso en la mielinización, áreas multifocales hiperintensas, leucomalacia periventricular y heterotopia periventricular. Estos pacientes cursan con discapacidad intelectual, retrasos en el desarrollo motor, de la comunicación, del lenguaje, en el área personal-social y en la conducta adaptativa. También se observan alteraciones en el sistema auditivo, visual, cardiaco, endocrino, genitourinario, dermatológico y esquelético. Conclusiones: Existen datos de aproximadamente 100 casos en el mundo desde 1981. Esta enfermedad rara es el síndrome más común de microdeleción subtelomérica. La técnica de hibridación in situ con fluorescencia y la técnica de hibridación genómica comparativa (array-CGH) son las que mejor permiten su diagnóstico. Por el momento no existe ningún tratamiento médico efectivo para esta enfermedad.

          Translated abstract

          The Monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome is part of the group of diseases known as Rare Diseases. The objective of the present work is to review the characteristics of Monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome. The monosomy 1p36 deletion syndrome phenotype includes: dysmorphic craniofacial features; large anterior fontanelle, unibrow, deep-set eyes, epicanthus, wide nasal root/bridge, mandible hypoplasia, abnormal location of the pinna, philtrum and pointed chin; neurological alterations: seizures and hydrocephalus (in some cases). Cerebral malformations: ventricular hypertrophy, increased subarachnoid space, morphological alterations of corpus callosum, cortical atrophy, delays in myelinisation, periventricular leukomalacia and periventricular heterotopia. These alterations produce intellectual disability and delays in motor growth, communication skills, language, social and adaptive behaviour. It is Hearing and vision impairments are also observed in subjects with this syndrome, as well as alterations of cardiac, endocrine and urinary systems and alterations at skin and skeletal level. Conclusions: Approximately 100 cases have been documented since 1981. This rare disease is the most common sub-telomeric-micro-deletion syndrome. In situ hybridization with fluorescence (FISH) and array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH-array) are at present the two best diagnostic techniques. There is currently no effective medical treatment for this disease.

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          Del 1p36 syndrome: a newly emerging clinical entity.

          Monosomy 1p36 is a recently delineated contiguous gene syndrome, which is now considered to be the most common subtelomeric microdeletion syndrome. From the recent literature it appears as if 1p36 deletions account for 0.5-1.2% of idiopathic mental retardation. The deletions can be detected by high resolution cytogenetic studies in a minority of patients, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) is required in most. The deletions' parent of origin seems still unclear, although in one large series it was shown to be maternal. 1p36 deletion syndrome is characterized by distinct craniofacial features, associated with developmental delay/mental retardation, hypotonia, muscle hypotrophy, seizures, brain abnormalities, and heart defects. To help child neurologists and other professionals in the recognition of this emerging and common chromosomal syndrome, we have reviewed published articles on patients with this deletion.
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            Monosomy 1pter.

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              Monosomy 1p36

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcp
                Revista chilena de pediatría
                Rev. chil. pediatr.
                Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría
                0370-4106
                October 2016
                : 87
                : 5
                : 411-421
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Pablo de Olavide Spain
                Article
                S0370-41062016000500013
                10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.12.004
                26875550
                44fc616e-2bb9-4731-b7e3-517262720339

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
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                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0370-4106&lng=en
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                Enfermedades raras,Cromosoma 1,Síndrome de monosomía 1p36,Microdeleción subtelomérica,Discapacidad intelectual,Rare diseases,Chromosome 1,Monosomy 1p36 syndrome,Sub-telomeric micro-deletion,Intellectual disability

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