Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction in a Patient With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. However, the disease is also known to cause a range of extrapulmonary manifestations, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The exact mechanisms by which the virus causes extrapulmonary manifestations are not fully understood, but it is theorized that the virus can enter cells in other organs including the GI tract, through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. This can result in inflammation and damage to the affected organs. In rare cases, COVID-19 can also cause acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO), a condition characterized by symptoms of bowel obstruction but without a physical obstruction present. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of COVID-19 that requires prompt recognition and treatment to prevent further complications such as bowel ischemia and perforation. We hereby present a case report of a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia developing ACPO and discuss the suggested pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and treatment options.