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      Análisis de las propiedades físico-químicas y sensoriales de barra alimenticia a base de semillas y nueces sin componentes de origen animal Translated title: Analysis of the physical-chemical and sensorial properties of nutritional bars based on seeds and nuts without components of animal origin

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: La necesidad de alimentos nutritivos se ha incrementado por la demanda de un público exigente. Los consumidores, en la actualidad, desean aperitivos que además de satisfacer su apetito, aporten también nutrientes esenciales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo la caracterización físico-química de una barra alimenticia elaborada a base de semillas (girasol, ajonjolí, chía y linaza) y nueces (almendra, nuez de la India, corazón de nuez de pecana, pistache y nuez de Castilla entera) libre de componentes de origen animal, como leche de vaca en polvo, ovoalbúmina y/o grasas animales utilizados en barras alimenticias comerciales. Material y Métodos: Los métodos de análisis próximo, valor energético, vida útil de la barra alimenticia y análisis sensorial y las pruebas de aceptación, se realizaron de acuerdo a métodos estándares de análisis de la Asociación de Químicos Analíticos Oficiales (AOAC por sus siglas en inglés). Todos los análisis se realizaron por triplicado a menos que se indicara de otra manera. Los resultados obtenidos fueron estadísticamente analizados con un 5% de nivel de significancia para cada prueba. Resultados: Se analizó su composición próxima (27% proteína, 7,5% fibra cruda y 4,4% de azúcares). Estos valores posicionan a este producto dentro de las barras de alto contenido proteico con contenido en azúcar muy bajo si se compara con barras comerciales (20-40%). Presentó el 45% de lípidos con el 19% de aceites saturados y 81 % de insaturados, todos estos derivados de las nueces y semillas. Se cuantificaron minerales esenciales como: calcio, magnesio, potasio, sodio, cobre, hierro, manganeso y zinc. La velocidad de rancidez fue relativamente baja hasta alcanzar el valor máximo permisible de 10meq/kg en peróxidos como valor de rancidez a los 9 días de almacenamiento a 40°C. Conclusiones: Las barras alimenticias a base de semillas y nueces tuvieron una alta aceptación en pruebas sensoriales de preferencia por público adulto. De acuerdo con estos resultados se presenta un alimento de alto contenido proteico, nutricionalmente completo y estable al almacenamiento.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The need for nutritious food has increased due to the requirement of a demanding public. Consumers today want appetizers that, in addition to satisfying their appetite, also provide essential nutrients. The objective of this work was the physical-chemical characterization of a food bar based on seeds from sunflower, sesame, chia and linseed, and nuts such as almond, cashew, pecan nut kernel, pistachio and whole cashew nut, and free of components of animal origin usually used in commercial food bars (cow’s milk powder, ovalbumin and/or animal fats). Material and Methods: The methods for the proximate composition, the energy value, the shelf life and sensory evaluation and acceptance tests were performed according to the Association Official of Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) standard methods of analysis. All analyzes were performed by triplicate unless otherwise indicated. The results obtained were statistically analyzed with a 5% level of significance for each test. Results: Its proximal composition was analyzed (27% protein, 7.5% crude fiber and 4.4% sugars). These values position this product among nutritious bars of high protein content with very low sugar content when compared with commercial bars (20-40%). He presented 45% of lipids with 19% of saturated oils and 81% of unsaturated oils, all derived from nuts and seeds. Essential minerals were quantified as: calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc. The rancidity rate was relatively low until reaching the maximum value allowed (10meq/kg as total peroxides) at 9 days of storage at 40°C. Conclusions: The food bars based on seeds and nuts had a high acceptance by sensory tests of preference for adult public. According to these results, a high-protein, nutritionally complete and storage-stable food is presented.

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          Chemical composition of selected edible nut seeds.

          Commercially important edible nut seeds were analyzed for chemical composition and moisture sorption. Moisture (1.47-9.51%), protein (7.50-21.56%), lipid (42.88-66.71%), ash (1.16-3.28%), total soluble sugars (0.55-3.96%), tannins (0.01-0.88%), and phytate (0.15-0.35%) contents varied considerably. Regardless of the seed type, lipids were mainly composed of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (>75% of the total lipids). Fatty acid composition analysis indicated that oleic acid (C18:1) was the main constituent of monounsaturated lipids in all seed samples. With the exception of macadamia, linoleic acid (C18:2) was the major polyunsaturated fatty acid. In the case of walnuts, in addition to linoleic acid (59.79%) linolenic acid (C18:3) also significantly contributed toward the total polyunsaturated lipids. Amino acid composition analyses indicated lysine (Brazil nut, cashew nut, hazelnut, pine nut, and walnut), sulfur amino acids methionine and cysteine (almond), tryptophan (macadamia, pecan), and threonine (peanut) to be the first limiting amino acid as compared to human (2-5 year old) amino acid requirements. The amino acid composition of the seeds was characterized by the dominance of hydrophobic (range = 37.16-44.54%) and acidic (27.95-33.17%) amino acids followed by basic (16.16-21.17%) and hydrophilic (8.48-11.74%) amino acids. Trypsin inhibitory activity, hemagglutinating activity, and proteolytic activity were not detected in the nut seed samples analyzed. Sorption isotherms (Aw range = 0.08-0.97) indicated a narrow range for monolayer water content (11-29 mg/g of dry matter). No visible mold growth was evident on any of the samples stored at Aw < 0.53 and 25 degrees C for 6 months.
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            Measurement of carboxymethylcellulase activity

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              Minerals in plant food: effect of agricultural practices and role in human health. A review

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                June 2020
                : 24
                : 2
                : 143-153
                Affiliations
                [1] Mexicali orgnameTecnológico Nacional de México orgdiv1Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali orgdiv2Departamento de Ingeniería Química México
                [3] Mexicali orgnameInstituto de Innovación para la Salud Integral, A. C México
                [2] Mexicali orgnameTecnológico Nacional de México orgdiv1Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali orgdiv2División de Estudios de Posgrado México
                Article
                S2174-51452020000200007 S2174-5145(20)02400200007
                10.14306/renhyd.24.2.963
                44bc0ade-c53b-4a65-baf2-7a1916944e61

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 November 2019
                : 10 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Vida útil,Almacenamiento de Alimentos,Emociones,Comportamiento del Consumidor,Calidad de los Alimentos,Valor Nutritivo,Análisis de los Alimentos,Semillas,Nueces,Alimentos,helf-life,Food Storage,Emotions,Consumer Behavior,Food Quality,Nutritive Value,Food Analysis,Seeds,Nuts,Food

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