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      Molecular Epidemiology of Human Enterovirus 71 Strains and Recent Outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific Region: Comparative Analysis of the VP1 and VP4 Genes

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          Abstract

          This study provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) in the Asia-Pacific region from 1997 through 2002. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 and VP1 genes of recent HEV71 strains indicates that several genogroups of the virus have been circulating in the Asia-Pacific region since 1997. The first of these recent outbreaks, described in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) in 1997, was caused by genogroup B3. This outbreak was followed by large outbreaks in Taiwan in 1998, caused by genogroup C2, and in Perth (Western Australia) in 1999, where viruses belonging to genogroups B3 and C2 cocirculated. Singapore, Taiwan, and Sarawak had HEV71 epidemics in 2000, caused predominantly by viruses belonging to genogroup B4; however, large numbers of fatalities were observed only in Taiwan. HEV71 was identified during an epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease in Korea; that epidemic was found to be due to viruses constituting a new genogroup, C3.

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          TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers.

          R D Page (1996)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1228 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. Taiwan Enterovirus Epidemic Working Group.

            Monto Ho, Eng-Rin Chen, Kwo-Hsiung Hsu … (1999)
            Enteroviruses can cause outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (characterized by vesicular lesions on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa) or herpangina, usually without life-threatening manifestations. In 1998 an epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection caused hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina in thousands of people in Taiwan, some of whom died. We assessed the epidemiologic aspects of this outbreak. Cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease or herpangina in ambulatory patients were reported to the Taiwan Department of Health by a mean of 818 sentinel physicians. Severe cases in hospitalized patients were reported by 40 medical centers and regional hospitals. Viruses were isolated by 10 hospital laboratories and the department of health. The sentinel physicians reported 129,106 cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease or herpangina in two waves of the epidemic, which probably represents less than 10 percent of the estimated total number of cases. There were 405 patients with severe disease, most of whom were five years old or younger; severe disease was seen in all regions of the island. Complications included encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, pulmonary edema or hemorrhage, acute flaccid paralysis, and myocarditis. Seventy-eight patients died, 71 of whom (91 percent) were five years of age or younger. Of the patients who died, 65 (83 percent) had pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage. Among patients from whom a virus was isolated, enterovirus 71 was present in 48.7 percent of outpatients with uncomplicated hand-foot-and-mouth disease or herpangina, 75 percent of hospitalized patients who survived, and 92 percent of patients who died. Although several enteroviruses were circulating in Taiwan during the 1998 epidemic, enterovirus 71 infection was associated with most of the serious clinical manifestations and with nearly all the deaths. Most of those who died were young, and the majority died of pulmonary edema and pulmonary hemorrhage.
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              An apparently new enterovirus isolated from patients with disease of the central nervous system.

              N J Schmidt, E H Lennette, H. H. Ho (1974)
              Article 0 comments Cited 264 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): April 2003
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 462-468
                Affiliations
                [* ]Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
                [† ]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
                [‡ ]National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea
                [§ ]Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
                []Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Mary Jane Cardosa, Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; fax: +60 82 671785; email: janecardosa@ 123456yahoo.co.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: 02-0395
                DOI: 10.3201/eid0904.020395
                PMC ID: 2957976
                PubMed ID: 12702227
                SO-VID: 446f0b15-cddf-418b-bda6-cc58aba112af
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: human enterovirus 71,hand,research,foot and mouth disease,neurologic disease
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: human enterovirus 71, hand, research, foot and mouth disease, neurologic disease

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