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      Gastrite hemorrágica por alergia ao leite de vaca: relato de dois casos Translated title: Hemorrhagic gastritis due to cow's milk allergy: report of two cases

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: descrever dois lactentes com gastrite hemorrágica, devido à alergia ao leite de vaca. DESCRIÇÃO DOS CASOS: ambos os pacientes apresentavam hematêmese, vômitos e desnutrição. Os pacientes apresentavam infiltrado eosinofílico em mucosa gástrica biopsiada e resolução dos sintomas após o início de dieta com exclusão da proteína do leite de vaca. COMENTÁRIOS: gastrite hemorrágica devido à alergia ao leite de vaca é um diagnóstico incomum. Até o momento foram relatados 10 pacientes com gastrite alérgica, e as principais manifestações clínicas são vômitos, desnutrição, anemia e hematêmese. A gastrite por alergia ao leite de vaca pode apresentar-se em diferentes graus de gravidade, e pode ser subdiagnosticada em muitos pacientes. A menos que o tratamento correto seja iniciado, o paciente desenvolverá desnutrição protéico-calórica grave e anemia. Doença alérgica do trato gastrointestinal superior deve ser considerada em todos os lactentes com vômitos recorrentes, particularmente se complicado com hematêmese. O diagnóstico de gastrite alérgica é clínico, auxiliado pela endoscopia e anatomia patológica.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: to report two cases of infants with hemorrhagic gastritis due to cow's milk allergy. DESCRIPTION: the clinical features included hematemesis, vomiting and malnutrition. All patients had eosinophilic infiltrate in gastric biopsies and got favorable clinical outcome after cow's milk free diet. COMMENTS: hemorrhagic gastritis due to cow's milk allergy is an uncommon diagnosis. Clinical findings in 10 patients (including ours) reported with allergic gastritis were vomiting, malnutrition, anemia, and hematemesis. Gastritis occurs in cow's milk allergy in a wide range of severity, and it could remain hidden in most patients. Unless appropriate management is ensued, patients develop severe malnutrition and severe anemia. Allergic compromise of upper gastrointestinal tract might be considered in all vomiting infants particularly if complicated by hematemesis. Diagnosis of allergic gastritis relies on clinical suspicion helped by endoscopy and gastric biopsies.

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          Most cited references34

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          Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994.

          The Sydney System for the classification of gastritis emphasized the importance of combining topographical, morphological, and etiological information into a schema that would help to generate reproducible and clinically useful diagnoses. To reappraise the Sydney System 4 years after its introduction, a group of gastrointestinal pathologists from various parts of the world met in Houston, Texas, in September 1994. The aims of the workshop were (a) to establish an agreed terminology of gastritis; (b) to identify, define, and attempt to resolve some of the problems associated with the Sydney System. This article introduces the Sydney System as it was revised at the Houston Gastritis Workshop and represents the consensus of the participants. Overall, the principles and grading of the Sydney System were only slightly modified, the grading being aided by the provision of a visual analogue scale. The terminology of the final classification has been improved to emphasize the distinction between the atrophic and nonatrophic stomach; the names used for each entity were selected because they are generally acceptable to both pathologists and gastroenterologists. In addition to the main categories and atrophic and nonatrophic gastritis, the special or distinctive forms are described and their respective diagnostic criteria are provided. The article includes practical guidelines for optimal biopsy sampling of the stomach, for the use of the visual analogue scales for grading the histopathologic features, and for the formulation of a comprehensive standardized diagnosis. A glossary of gastritis-related terms as used in this article is provided.
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            Intolerance of cow's milk and chronic constipation in children.

            Chronic diarrhea is the most common gastrointestinal symptom of intolerance of cow's milk among children. On the basis of a prior open study, we hypothesized that intolerance of cow's milk can also cause severe perianal lesions with pain on defecation and consequent constipation in young children. We performed a double-blind, crossover study comparing cow's milk with soy milk in 65 children (age range, 11 to 72 months) with chronic constipation (defined as having one bowel movement every 3 to 15 days). All had been referred to a pediatric gastroenterology clinic and had previously been treated with laxatives without success; 49 had anal fissures and perianal erythema or edema. After 15 days of observation, the patients received cow's milk or soy milk for two weeks. After a one-week washout period, the feedings were reversed. A response was defined as eight or more bowel movements during a treatment period. Forty-four of the 65 children (68 percent) had a response while receiving soy milk. Anal fissures and pain with defecation resolved. None of the children who received cow's milk had a response. In all 44 children with a response, the response was confirmed with a double-blind challenge with cow's milk. Children with a response had a higher frequency of coexistent rhinitis, dermatitis, or bronchospasm than those with no response (11 of 44 children vs. 1 of 21, P=0.05); they were also more likely to have anal fissures and erythema or edema at base line (40 of 44 vs. 9 of 21, P<0.001), evidence of inflammation of the rectal mucosa on biopsy (26 of 44 vs. 5 of 21, P=0.008), and signs of hypersensitivity, such as specific IgE antibodies to cow's-milk antigens (31 of 44 vs. 4 of 21, P<0.001). In young children, chronic constipation can be a manifestation of intolerance of cow's milk.
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              Development of childhood allergy in infants fed breast, soy, or cow milk.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jped
                Jornal de Pediatria
                J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                0021-7557
                1678-4782
                August 2003
                : 79
                : 4
                : 363-368
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Pediatria
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Patologia
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina
                Article
                S0021-75572003000400016 S0021-7557(03)07900416
                441f4cd1-3592-4283-90f6-48a980c2d72e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 May 2003
                : 17 February 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Relatos de Casos

                cow's milk allergy,hemorrhagic gastritis,lactentes,alergia ao leite de vaca,gastrite hemorrágica,infant

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