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      Bacteria-responsive programmed self-activating antibacterial hydrogel to remodel regeneration microenvironment for infected wound healing

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          ABSTRACT

          There is still an urgent need to develop hydrogels with intelligent antibacterial ability to achieve on-demand treatment of infected wounds and accelerate wound healing by improving the regeneration microenvironment. We proposed a strategy of hydrogel wound dressing with bacteria-responsive self-activating antibacterial property and multiple nanozyme activities to remodel the regeneration microenvironment in order to significantly promote infected wound healing. Specifically, pH-responsive H 2O 2 self-supplying composite nanozyme (MSCO) and pH/enzyme-sensitive bacteria-responsive triblock micelles encapsulated with lactate oxidase (PPEL) were prepared and encapsulated in hydrogels composed of L-arginine-modified chitosan (CA) and phenylboronic acid-modified oxidized dextran (ODP) to form a cascade bacteria-responsive self-activating antibacterial composite hydrogel platform. The hydrogels respond to multifactorial changes of the bacterial metabolic microenvironment to achieve on-demand antibacterial and biofilm eradication through transformation of bacterial metabolites, and chemodynamic therapy enhanced by nanozyme activity in conjunction with self-driven nitric oxide (NO) release. The composite hydrogel showed ‘self-diagnostic’ treatment for changes in the wound microenvironment. Through self-activating antibacterial therapy in the infection stage to self-adaptive oxidative stress relief and angiogenesis in the post-infection stage, it promotes wound closure, accelerates wound collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and completely improves the microenvironment of infected wound regeneration, which provides a new method for the design of intelligent wound dressings.

          Abstract

          A self-activated on-demand antibacterial hydrogel based on bacterial infection microenvironment response is proposed for remodeling the regenerative microenvironment of infected motion wounds and accelerating wound healing.

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          Most cited references51

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          Synthesis of Copper Peroxide Nanodots for H2O2 Self-Supplying Chemodynamic Therapy

          Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) employs Fenton catalysts to kill cancer cells by converting intracellular H2O2 into hydroxyl radical (•OH), but endogenous H2O2 is insufficient to achieve satisfactory anticancer efficacy. Despite tremendous efforts, engineering CDT agents with specific and efficient H2O2 self-supplying ability remains a great challenge. Here, we report the fabrication of copper peroxide (CP) nanodot, which is the first example of a Fenton-type metal peroxide nanomaterial, and its use as an activatable agent for enhanced CDT by self-supplying H2O2. The CP nanodots were prepared through coordination of H2O2 to Cu2+ with the aid of hydroxide ion, which could be reversed by acid treatment. After endocytosis into tumor cells, acidic environment of endo/lysosomes accelerated the dissociation of CP nanodots, allowing simultaneous release of Fenton catalytic Cu2+ and H2O2 accompanied by a Fenton-type reaction between them. The resulting •OH induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization through lipid peroxidation and thus caused cell death via a lysosome-associated pathway. In addition to pH-dependent •OH generation property, CP nanodots with small particle size showed high tumor accumulation after intravenous administration, which enabled effective tumor growth inhibition with minimal side effects in vivo. Our work not only provides the first paradigm for fabricating Fenton-type metal peroxide nanomaterials, but also presents a new strategy to improve CDT efficacy.
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            Graphene quantum dots-band-aids used for wound disinfection.

            Herein, an antibacterial system combining the "safe" carbon nanomaterials, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), with a low level of H2O2 has been put forward. It has been found that the peroxidase-like activity of GQDs originates from their ability to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2, generating ·OH. Since the ·OH has a higher antibacterial activity, the conversion of H2O2 into ·OH improves the antibacterial performance of H2O2, which makes it possible to avoid the toxicity of H2O2 at high levels in wound disinfection. All the experiments in vitro display that this intrinsic activity exerts a high enhancement of antibacterial activity of H2O2, and the designed system possessed broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. More importantly, to assess the antibacterial efficacy of the designed system in actual wound disinfection, the GQD-Band-Aids are prepared and show excellent antibacterial property with the assistance of H2O2 at low dose in vivo.
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              Antibiotic‐Free Antibacterial Strategies Enabled by Nanomaterials: Progress and Perspectives

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Natl Sci Rev
                Natl Sci Rev
                nsr
                National Science Review
                Oxford University Press
                2095-5138
                2053-714X
                April 2024
                30 January 2024
                30 January 2024
                : 11
                : 4
                : nwae044
                Affiliations
                State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
                State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
                State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
                State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
                State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
                State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
                Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710038, China
                State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
                Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710061, China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author. E-mail: baoling@ 123456mail.xjtu.edu.cn
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-1441
                Article
                nwae044
                10.1093/nsr/nwae044
                10911815
                38440214
                43c56dfb-e237-476c-a158-47571c43a742
                © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 18 October 2023
                : 04 January 2024
                : 29 January 2024
                : 04 March 2024
                Page count
                Pages: 17
                Funding
                Funded by: National Key Research and Development Project of China;
                Award ID: 2023YFB4605800
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, DOI 10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 52273149
                Award ID: 51973172
                Funded by: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, DOI 10.13039/501100012226;
                Categories
                Research Article
                Materials Science
                Nsr/4
                AcademicSubjects/MED00010
                AcademicSubjects/SCI00010

                bacterial response,hydrogel dressing,multiple nanozyme activity,biofilm elimination,infected motion wound healing

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