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      Caracterización del consumo de maíz y fríjol en familias del departamento del Cauca, Colombia Translated title: Bean and maize consumption by families in Cauca, Colombia

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: caracterizar el consumo de maíz y fríjol en las familias de las madres comunitarias del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF), de los municipios del Cauca. Materiales y métodos: se encuestaron 400 madres comunitarias del ICBF sobre la alimentación en sus propias familias en 12 municipios del Cauca. Resultados: en 100% de las familias caucanas, se reportó un consumo frecuente de maíz y fríjol. El consumo promedio mensual ± DE en kg fue para el maíz blanco 6,5+7,6, el maíz amarillo 5,1+7,0, el fríjol rojo 1,7+1,6, el fríjol blanco 1,1±1,1, el fríjol moteado calima 1,5±1,1, el fríjol moteado cargamanto 1,3±0,7, el fríjol verde 1,4±1,2 y el fríjol de otros tipos 0,8±0,4. Conclusión: el consumo reportado por las familias caucanas muestra que el maíz y el fríjol común hacen parte de su gastronomía. La introducción de cultivos con mayores nutrientes (biofortificados) se facilitaría mediante acciones de educación nutricional, con el fin de incentivar su producción y consumo.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: characterization of maize and bean consumption by families where mothers work with ICBF's communities in Cauca-Colombia. Materials and methods: mothers (n=400) working with ICBF's communities in 12 farming municipalities were surveyed about their family's feeding practices. Results: 100% of mothers interviewed reported frequent consumption of maize and beans. Average ± SD intake kg/ month for white beans was (6,5±7,6), yellow maize (5,1±7,0), red beans(1,7±1,6) white beans (1,1±1,1), mottled calima beans (1,5±1,1), mottled cargamanto (1,3±0,7), green beans (1,4±1,2), and for other kind of beans (0,8±0,4). Conclusion: maize and beans are main components of these communities' food patterns. Nutrition education activities could help to promote consumption of nutritionally enhanced (biofortified) crops.

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          Most cited references18

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          Biofortification of staple food crops.

          Deficiencies of vitamin A, iron, and zinc affect over one-half of the world's population. Progress has been made to control micronutrient deficiencies through supplementation and food fortification, but new approaches are needed, especially to reach the rural poor. Biofortification (enriching the nutrition contribution of staple crops through plant breeding) is one option. Scientific evidence shows this is technically feasible without compromising agronomic productivity. Predictive cost-benefit analyses also support biofortification as being important in the armamentarium for controlling micronutrient deficiencies. The challenge is to get producers and consumers to accept biofortified crops and increase their intake of the target nutrients. With the advent of good seed systems, the development of markets and products, and demand creation, this can be achieved.
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            Iron-biofortified rice improves the iron stores of nonanemic Filipino women.

            Iron deficiency is endemic in much of the world, and food system-based approaches to eradication may be viable with new plant breeding approaches to increase the micronutrient content in staple crops. It is thought that conventional plant breeding approaches provide varieties of rice that have 400-500% higher iron contents than varieties commonly consumed in much of Asia. The efficacy of consuming high-iron rice was tested during a 9-mo feeding trial with a double-blind dietary intervention in 192 religious sisters living in 10 convents around metro Manila, the Philippines. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either high-iron rice (3.21 mg/kg Fe) or a local variety of control rice (0.57 mg/kg Fe), and daily food consumption was monitored. The high-iron rice contributed 1.79 mg Fe/d to the diet in contrast to 0.37 mg Fe/d from the control rice. The 17% difference in total dietary iron consumption compared with controls (10.16 +/- 1.06 vs. 8.44 +/- 1.82 mg/d) resulted in a modest increase in serum ferritin (P = 0.10) and total body iron (P = 0.06) and no increase in hemoglobin (P = 0.59). However, the response was greater in nonanemic subjects for ferritin (P = 0.02) and body iron (P = 0.05), representing a 20% increase after controlling for baseline values and daily rice consumption. The greatest improvements in iron status were seen in those nonanemic women who had the lowest baseline iron status and in those who consumed the most iron from rice. Consumption of biofortified rice, without any other changes in diet, is efficacious in improving iron stores of women with iron-poor diets in the developing world.
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              Biofortified crops to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition.

              Micronutrient malnutrition affects more than half of the world population, particularly in developing countries. Concerted international and national fortification and supplementation efforts to curb the scourge of micronutrient malnutrition are showing a positive impact, alas without reaching the goals set by international organizations. Biofortification, the delivery of micronutrients via micronutrient-dense crops, offers a cost-effective and sustainable approach, complementing these efforts by reaching rural populations. Bioavailable micronutrients in the edible parts of staple crops at concentrations high enough to impact on human health can be obtained through breeding, provided that sufficient genetic variation for a given trait exists, or through transgenic approaches. Research and breeding programs are underway to enrich the major food staples in developing countries with the most important micronutrients: iron, provitamin A, zinc and folate.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                penh
                Perspectivas en Nutrición Humana
                Perspect Nut Hum
                Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0124-4108
                June 2010
                : 12
                : 1
                : 87-98
                Affiliations
                [01] Cali orgnameCentro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Colombia lkgomez@ 123456cgiar.org
                [03] Cali orgnameCentro Internacional de Fundación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Agrícola orgdiv1Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical Colombia
                [02] Cali orgnameCentro Internacional de Fundación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Agrícola Colombia
                Article
                S0124-41082010000100008 S0124-4108(10)01200108
                43a240ff-63ce-4a38-9de7-98db2878a3cc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 September 2009
                : 08 March 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Investigación

                maíz (Zea mays L.),fríjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.),seguridad alimentaria y nutricional,alimentos fortificados,consumo de alimentos,cultivos,maize (Zea mays L.),bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.),food and nutrition security,food consumption,fortified food,biofortification,crops

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