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      Modular synthesis of α-fluorinated arylmethanes via desulfonylative cross-coupling

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          Abstract

          α-Fluoromethylarenes are common substructures in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, with the introduction of fluorine often resulting in improved biological activity and stability. Despite recent progress, synthetic routes to α-fluorinated diarylmethanes are still rare. Herein we describe the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of α-fluorinated benzylic triflones with arylboronic acids affording structurally diverse α-fluorinated diarylmethanes. The ease of synthesis of fluorinated triflones as the key starting materials enables powerful late-stage transformations of known biologically active compounds into fluorinated analogs.

          Abstract

          α-Fluoromethyl arenes are common substructures in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals but synthetic routes are still rare. Here the authors describe Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of α-fluorinated benzylic triflones with arylboronic acids affording structurally diverse α-fluorinated diarylmethanes.

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          Most cited references35

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          C-H bond activation enables the rapid construction and late-stage diversification of functional molecules.

          The beginning of the twenty-first century has witnessed significant advances in the field of C-H bond activation, and this transformation is now an established piece in the synthetic chemists' toolbox. This methodology has the potential to be used in many different areas of chemistry, for example it provides a perfect opportunity for the late-stage diversification of various kinds of organic scaffolds, ranging from relatively small molecules like drug candidates, to complex polydisperse organic compounds such as polymers. In this way, C-H activation approaches enable relatively straightforward access to a plethora of analogues or can help to streamline the lead-optimization phase. Furthermore, synthetic pathways for the construction of complex organic materials can now be designed that are more atom- and step-economical than previous methods and, in some cases, can be based on synthetic disconnections that are just not possible without C-H activation. This Perspective highlights the potential of metal-catalysed C-H bond activation reactions, which now extend beyond the field of traditional synthetic organic chemistry.
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            The medicinal chemist's toolbox for late stage functionalization of drug-like molecules.

            The advent of modern C-H functionalization chemistries has enabled medicinal chemists to consider a synthetic strategy, late stage functionalization (LSF), which utilizes the C-H bonds of drug leads as points of diversification for generating new analogs. LSF approaches offer the promise of rapid exploration of structure activity relationships (SAR), the generation of oxidized metabolites, the blocking of metabolic hot spots and the preparation of biological probes. This review details a toolbox of intermolecular C-H functionalization chemistries with proven applicability to drug-like molecules, classified by regioselectivity patterns, and gives guidance on how to systematically develop LSF strategies using these patterns and other considerations. In addition, a number of examples illustrate how LSF approaches have been used to impact actual drug discovery and chemical biology efforts.
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              Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design

              The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mnambo@itbm.nagoya-u.ac.jp
                cruddenc@chem.queensu.ca
                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2041-1723
                4 October 2019
                4 October 2019
                2019
                : 10
                : 4528
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0943 978X, GRID grid.27476.30, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), , Nagoya University, ; Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8331, GRID grid.410356.5, Department of Chemistry, , Queen’s University, ; Chernoff Hall, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2151 536X, GRID grid.26999.3d, Graduate School of Arts and Science, , The University of Tokyo, ; Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-3178
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0428-6590
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2154-8107
                Article
                11758
                10.1038/s41467-019-11758-w
                6778098
                31586048
                4357faa6-d55b-483d-98b1-c6fe7c3c404d
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 24 May 2019
                : 16 July 2019
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Uncategorized
                homogeneous catalysis,reaction mechanisms,synthetic chemistry methodology
                Uncategorized
                homogeneous catalysis, reaction mechanisms, synthetic chemistry methodology

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