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      Psychological therapies for preventing seasonal affective disorder

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          Abstract

          Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a seasonal pattern of recurrent major depressive episodes that most commonly occurs during autumn or winter and remits in spring. The prevalence of SAD ranges from 1.5% to 9%, depending on latitude. The predictable seasonal aspect of SAD provides a promising opportunity for prevention. This is one of four reviews on the efficacy and safety of interventions to prevent SAD; we focus on psychological therapies as preventive interventions.

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          Most cited references35

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          Positive psychotherapy.

          Martin Seligman, Tayyab Rashid, Acacia Parks (2006)
          Positive psychotherapy (PPT) contrasts with standard interventions for depression by increasing positive emotion, engagement, and meaning rather than directly targeting depressive symptoms. The authors have tested the effects of these interventions in a variety of settings. In informal student and clinical settings, people not uncommonly reported them to be "life-changing." Delivered on the Web, positive psychology exercises relieved depressive symptoms for at least 6 months compared with placebo interventions, the effects of which lasted less than a week. In severe depression, the effects of these Web exercises were particularly striking. This address reports two preliminary studies: In the first, PPT delivered to groups significantly decreased levels of mild-to-moderate depression through 1-year follow-up. In the second, PPT delivered to individuals produced higher remission rates than did treatment as usual and treatment as usual plus medication among outpatients with major depressive disorder. Together, these studies suggest that treatments for depression may usefully be supplemented by exercises that explicitly increase positive emotion, engagement, and meaning. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
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            Seasonal Affective Disorder

            Norman E Rosenthal, Melanie Rogers (1984)
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              Light therapy for seasonal and nonseasonal depression: efficacy, protocol, safety, and side effects.

              Michael Terman, Jiuan Terman (2005)
              Bright light therapy for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been investigated and applied for over 20 years. Physicians and clinicians are increasingly confident that bright light therapy is a potent, specifically active, nonpharmaceutical treatment modality. Indeed, the domain of light treatment is moving beyond SAD, to nonseasonal depression (unipolar and bipolar), seasonal flare-ups of bulimia nervosa, circadian sleep phase disorders, and more. Light therapy is simple to deliver to outpatients and inpatients alike, although the optimum dosing of light and treatment time of day requires individual adjustment. The side-effect profile is favorable in comparison with medications, although the clinician must remain vigilant about emergent hypomania and autonomic hyperactivation, especially during the first few days of treatment. Importantly, light therapy provides a compatible adjunct to antidepressant medication, which can result in accelerated improvement and fewer residual symptoms.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN (Electronic): 14651858
                Publication date (Electronic): November 11 2015
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Department of Psychiatry; 101 Manning Dr., CB# 7160 Chapel Hill North Carolina USA 27599-7160
                [2 ]Danube University Krems; Department of Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology; Krems Austria
                [3 ]RTI International; 3040 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA 27709
                [4 ]University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Department of Social Medicine; Department of Family Medicine; CB#7240, School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina USA 27599-7240
                [5 ]Medical University of Vienna; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Waehringer Guertel 18-20 Vienna Austria 1090
                [6 ]Danube University Krems; Cochrane Austria; Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30 Krems Austria 3500
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011270.pub2
                PubMed ID: 26560172
                SO-VID: 42c552e7-818c-4f39-a5d8-7b35c5ee766e
                Copyright © © 2015
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