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      Regulation of MYB Transcription Factors of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Lily Flowers

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          Abstract

          Flower color is the decisive factor that affects the commercial value of ornamental flowers. Therefore, it is important to study the regulation of flower color formation in lily to discover the positive and negative factors that regulate this important trait. In this study, MYB transcription factors (TFs) were characterized to understand the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in lily. Two R2R3-MYB TFs, LvMYB5, and LvMYB1, were found to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in lily flowers. LvMYB5, which has an activation motif, belongs to the SG6 MYB protein subgroup of Arabidopsis thaliana. Transient expression of LvMYB5 indicated that LvMYB5 can promote coloration in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and that expression of LvMYB5 increases the expression levels of NbCHS, NbDFR, and NbANS. VIGS experiments in lily petals showed that the accumulation of anthocyanins was reduced when LvMYB5 was silenced. Luciferase assays showed that LvMYB5 can promote anthocyanin synthesis by activating the ANS gene promoter. Therefore, LvMYB5 plays an important role in flower coloration in lily. In addition, the transient expression experiment provided preliminary evidence that LvMYB1 (an R2R3-MYB TF) inhibits anthocyanin synthesis in lily flowers. The discovery of activating and inhibitory factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in lily provides a theoretical basis for improving flower color through genetic engineering. The results of our study provide a new direction for the further study of the mechanisms of flower color formation in lilies.

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          Most cited references73

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          MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets.

          We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, Mega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of thousands of sequences in Mega The new version also provides an advanced wizard for building timetrees and includes a new functionality to automatically predict gene duplication events in gene family trees. The 64-bit Mega is made available in two interfaces: graphical and command line. The graphical user interface (GUI) is a native Microsoft Windows application that can also be used on Mac OS X. The command line Mega is available as native applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. They are intended for use in high-throughput and scripted analysis. Both versions are available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR.

            M. Pfaffl (2001)
            Use of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify cDNA products reverse transcribed from mRNA is on the way to becoming a routine tool in molecular biology to study low abundance gene expression. Real-time PCR is easy to perform, provides the necessary accuracy and produces reliable as well as rapid quantification results. But accurate quantification of nucleic acids requires a reproducible methodology and an adequate mathematical model for data analysis. This study enters into the particular topics of the relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR of a target gene transcript in comparison to a reference gene transcript. Therefore, a new mathematical model is presented. The relative expression ratio is calculated only from the real-time PCR efficiencies and the crossing point deviation of an unknown sample versus a control. This model needs no calibration curve. Control levels were included in the model to standardise each reaction run with respect to RNA integrity, sample loading and inter-PCR variations. High accuracy and reproducibility (<2.5% variation) were reached in LightCycler PCR using the established mathematical model.
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              MYB transcription factors in Arabidopsis.

              The MYB family of proteins is large, functionally diverse and represented in all eukaryotes. Most MYB proteins function as transcription factors with varying numbers of MYB domain repeats conferring their ability to bind DNA. In plants, the MYB family has selectively expanded, particularly through the large family of R2R3-MYB. Members of this family function in a variety of plant-specific processes, as evidenced by their extensive functional characterization in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). MYB proteins are key factors in regulatory networks controlling development, metabolism and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The elucidation of MYB protein function and regulation that is possible in Arabidopsis will provide the foundation for predicting the contributions of MYB proteins to the biology of plants in general. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Plant Sci
                Front Plant Sci
                Front. Plant Sci.
                Frontiers in Plant Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-462X
                01 December 2021
                2021
                : 12
                : 761668
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, China
                [2] 2Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, China
                [3] 3Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang, China
                [4] 4Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sargodha , Sargodha, Pakistan
                Author notes

                Edited by: Elizabeth P. B. Fontes, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil

                Reviewed by: Zhisheng Xu, Nanjing Agricultural University, China; Hong-Hwa Chen, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Pedro Augusto Braga Dos Reis, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil

                These authors share first authorship

                This article was submitted to Plant Biotechnology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

                Article
                10.3389/fpls.2021.761668
                8672200
                34925411
                42a901cd-cb99-4852-8f9e-0447e7266e13
                Copyright © 2021 Yin, Zhang, Zhang, Wang, Zhao, Irfan, Chen and Feng.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 20 August 2021
                : 28 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 73, Pages: 14, Words: 10674
                Categories
                Plant Science
                Original Research

                Plant science & Botany
                lily,anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway,myb transcription factor,activator,transcriptional inhibitor,promoter,structural genes

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