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      Desórdenes del desarrollo sexual y cirugía correctiva

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          Abstract

          El desarrollo de las gónadas está determinado por los cromosomas sexuales y autosomas, estas producen hormonas que dirigen la formación de los genitales internos y externos. Los desórdenes en la diferenciación sexual se presentan cuando hay anormalidades en cromosomas, en el desarrollo gonadal o en la actividad o producción de hormonas. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo la recopilación de información que comprende los desordenes del desarrollo sexual que podrían presentar los niños al nacimiento y la posterior cirugía de corrección. Se desarrolla brevemente la anatomía normal tanto del sistema genitourinario masculino como el femenino, presentando las similitudes y diferencias. La sexualidad de las personas está determinada por el sexo cromosómico, sexo gonadal, sexo genital y sexo social, con base en estos determinantes se establece el procedimiento quirúrgico más adecuado. La investigación se enfoca en la cirugía de feminización, en la cual, se efectúa una reducción de clítoris, separación de vagina y uretra; además de una vaginoplastía. Actualmente, los resultados de la cirugía correctiva son los más óptimos, sin embargo, gran cantidad de estudios indica que no todas las personas que se someten a ellas están satisfechas con los resultados obtenidos refiriéndose a función sexual.

          Translated abstract

          Gonadal development is determined by sexual chromosomes and autosomes, which produce hormones that direct the formation of internal and external genitals. Disorders in sexual differentiation appear when abnormalities in chromosomes, gonadal development or activity or production of hormones are present. This investigation is a review of research about disorders in sexual development present in children at birth and the following correction surgery. Also, it includes information concerning the normal anatomy of male and female genitourinary system, showing similarities and differences between them. People’s sexuality is determined by the chromosome sex, gonadal sex, genital sex and social sex. Based on these factors, physicians can determine the best surgical procedure for the patient. This investigation is focused on feminization surgery, in which a reduction of clitoris is done. After this, a separation of the vagina and urethra is also performed to then finalize with a vaginoplasty. Nowadays, the results of the correction surgery are the best that can be done, however, several studies indicate that not all patients are fulfilled with the results.

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          Most cited references47

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          Gray's Anatomy- The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice.

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            Promoción de la Salud Sexual: Recomendaciones para la acción

            (2000)
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              Vaginal agenesis: Experience with sigmoid colon neovaginoplasty

              Aim: Objective of this study is to report our experience with sigmoid vaginoplasty in adolescents. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of children with vaginal atresia and Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome. The sigmoid segment was used for vaginoplasty in all the cases. Results: Eight children were studied over a period of 7 years. The postoperative complications were ileus in 2, mucosal prolapse of the neovagina in 1, and minor wound infection in 1 patient. Seven patients are on regular follow-up. All the neovaginas were patent and functional. One patient had unacceptable perineal appearance, that is, badly scarred perineum as a late complication. None of the patients had vaginal stenosis or excessive mucus discharge, during follow-up visits. Out of the 7 patients, 2 patients are sexually active and satisfied. Conclusions: Sigmoid vaginoplasty is a safe and acceptable procedure for vaginal agenesis with good cosmetic results and acceptable complications rate. Sigmoid colon vaginoplasty is the treatment of choice because of its large lumen, thick walls resistant to trauma, adequate secretion allowing lubrication, not necessitating prolonged dilatation, and short recovery time.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mlcr
                Medicina Legal de Costa Rica
                Med. leg. Costa Rica
                Asociación Costarricense de Medicina Forense (Heredia )
                1409-0015
                September 2013
                : 30
                : 2
                : 58-77
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Costa Rica
                Article
                S1409-00152013000200008
                41f955fe-486f-4c1e-919a-e045a055db8a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1409-0015&lng=en
                Categories
                Anatomy & Morphology
                Medicine, Legal

                Social law,Anatomy & Physiology
                Sexual ambiguity,gonads,genitals,surgery,feminization,vaginoplasty,Ambigüedad sexual,gónadas,genitales,cirugía,feminización,vaginoplastía

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