An integrated strategy for the conservation and sustainable use of native vanilla species in Colombia

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Translated abstract

Abstract:The natural vanilla essence is obtained principally from the fruits of the species Vanilla planifolia, a member of the Vanilla aromatic clade, and native to the neo-tropics. Colombia is an important center of diversity for the genus with 22 Vanilla species reported, of which 18 belong to the aromatic clade. Colombian native Vanilla species comprise important genetic resources for the vanilla crop. Although there is no tradition of cultivation of vanilla in the country, these species have potential for establishment in sustainable agroforestry systems. Nonetheless, Vanilla, like many orchid species, is subject to both intrinsic and extrinsic conservation threats. This article outlines an integrated strategy for conservation, incorporating in situ, ex situ and circa situm measures to ensure the conservation of Vanilla species in Colombia, and to promote their sustainable use in community-based cultivation programs. This proposed strategy is also relevant for conservation managers in other countries with native Vanilla species.

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Most cited references 73

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Genotyping-by-sequencing in ecological and conservation genomics.

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Dark septate endophytes: a review of facultative biotrophic root-colonizing fungi

Ari Jumpponen, James Trappe (1998)

Dark septate root endophytes (DSE) are conidial or sterile fungi (Deuteromycotina, Fungi Imperfecti) likely to be ascomycetous and colonizing plant roots. They have been reported for nearly 600 plant species representing about 320 genera and 100 families. DSE fungi occur from the tropics to arctic and alpine habitats and comprise a heterogeneous group that functionally and ecologically overlaps with soil fungi, saprotrophic rhizoplane-inhabiting fungi, obligately and facultatively pathogenic fungi and mycorrhizal fungi. Numerous species of undescribed sterile and anamorphic taxa may also await discovery. Although DSE are abundant in washed root and soil samples from various habitats, and are easily isolated from surface-sterilized roots of ecto-, ectendo-, endo- and non-mycorrhizal host species, their ecological functions are little understood. Studies of DSE thus far have yielded inconsistent results and only poorly illustrate the role of DSE in their natural habitats. These inconsistencies are largely due to the uncertain taxonomic affinities of the strains of DSE used. In addition, because different strains of a single anamorph taxon seem to vary greatly in function, no clear generalizations on their ecological role have been drawn. This paper reviews the current literature on DSE and the ecology and discusses the need for and direction of future research.

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Conservation through reserves alone is now considered unlikely to achieve protection of plant species necessary to mitigate direct losses of habitat and the pervasive impact of global climate change. Assisted translocation/migration represent new challenges in the face of climate change; species, particularly orchids, will need artificial assistance to migrate from hostile environments, across ecological barriers (alienated lands such as farmlands and built infrastructure) to new climatically buffered sites. The technology and science to underpin assisted migration concepts are in their infancy for plants in general, and orchids, with their high degree of rarity, represent a particularly challenging group for which these principles need to be developed. It is likely that orchids, more than any other plant family, will be in the front-line of species to suffer large-scale extinction events as a result of climate change. The South West Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) is the only global biodiversity hotspot in Australia and represents an ideal test-bed for development of orchid conservation principles. Orchids comprise 6 % of all threatened vascular plants in the SWAFR, with 76 out of the 407 species known for the region having a high level of conservation risk. The situation in the SWAFR is a portent of the global crisis in terrestrial orchid conservation, and it is a region where innovative conservation solutions will be required if the impending wave of extinction is to be averted. Major threatening processes are varied, and include land clearance, salinity, burning, weed encroachment, disease and pests. This is compounded by highly specialized pollinators (locally endemic native invertebrates) and, in the most threatened groups such as hammer orchids (Drakaea) and spider orchids (Caladenia), high levels of mycorrhizal specialization. Management and development of effective conservation strategies for SWAFR orchids require a wide range of integrated scientific approaches to mitigate impacts that directly influence ecological traits critical for survival. In response to threats to orchid species, integrated conservation approaches have been adopted (including ex situ and translocation principles) in the SWAFR with the result that a significant, multidisciplinary approach is under development to facilitate conservation of some of the most threatened taxa and build expertise to carry out assisted migration to new sites. Here the past two decades of orchid conservation research in the SWAFR and the role of research-based approaches for managing effective orchid conservation in a global biodiversity hotspot are reviewed.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Nicola S. Flanagan: Role: ND

Ana Teresa Mosquera-Espinosa: Role: ND

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): lankesteriana

Title: Lankesteriana

Abbreviated Title: Lankesteriana

Publisher: Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica (Cartago, Cartago, Costa Rica, Costa Rica )

ISSN (Electronic): 1409-3871

Publication date (Print and electronic): August 2016

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Pages: 201-218

Affiliations

[1] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia

Article

Publisher ID: S1409-38712016000200201

DOI: 10.15517/lank.v16i2.26007

SO-VID: 41e4aef3-b48b-403b-af93-5cb048f06223

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

History

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 79, Pages: 18

Product

SciELO Costa Rica

Keywords: Vanilla crop wild relatives,mycorrhizal fungi,in situ,ex situ,circa situm conservation,Vanilla Endophyte Collection.

Data availability:

Keywords: Vanilla crop wild relatives, mycorrhizal fungi, in situ, ex situ, circa situm conservation, Vanilla Endophyte Collection.

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