Regulation of skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 cells through modulation of Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin via different low-frequency electromagnetic field energies

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Abstract

BACKGROUND:

A low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exerts important biological effects on the human body.

OBJECTIVE:

We previously studied the immunity and atrophy of gastrocnemius muscles in rats with spinal cord injuries and found that LF-EMF with a magnetic flux density of 1.5 mT exerted excellent therapeutic and preventive effects on reducing myotubes and increasing spatium intermusculare. However, the effects of LF-EMF on all stages of skeletal myogenesis, such as activation, proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of satellite cells to myotubes as stimulated by myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), have not been fully elucidated.

METHODS:

This study investigated the optimal LF-EMF magnetic flux density that exerted maximal effects on all stages of C2C12 cell skeletal myogenesis as well as its impact on regulatory MRF $s$ .

RESULTS:

The results showed that an LF-EMF with a magnetic flux density of 2.0 mT could activate C2C12 cells and upregulate the proliferation-promoting transcription factor PAX7. On the other hand, 1.5 mT EMF could upregulate the expression of MyoD and myogenin.

CONCLUSION:

LF-EMF could prevent the disappearance of myotubes, with different magnetic flux densities of LF-EMF exerting independent and positive effects on skeletal myogenesis such as satellite cell activation and proliferation, muscle cell differentiation, and myocyte fusion.

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Most cited references 40

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Recovery of Over-Ground Walking after Chronic Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Claudia A Angeli, Maxwell Kwame Boakye, Rebekah Morton … (2018)

Persons with motor complete spinal cord injury, signifying no voluntary movement or sphincter function below the level of injury but including retention of some sensation, do not recover independent walking. We tested intense locomotor treadmill training with weight support and simultaneous spinal cord epidural stimulation in four patients 2.5 to 3.3 years after traumatic spinal injury and after failure to improve with locomotor training alone. Two patients, one with damage to the mid-cervical region and one with damage to the high-thoracic region, achieved over-ground walking (not on a treadmill) after 278 sessions of epidural stimulation and gait training over a period of 85 weeks and 81 sessions over a period of 15 weeks, respectively, and all four achieved independent standing and trunk stability. One patient had a hip fracture during training. (Funded by the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02339233 .).

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AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism

Rasmus Kjøbsted, Janne Hingst, Joachim Fentz … (2018)

Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions. AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning anabolic and catabolic pathways. AMPK’s role as an energy sensor is particularly critical in tissues displaying highly changeable energy turnover. Due to the drastic changes in energy demand that occur between the resting and exercising state, skeletal muscle is one such tissue. Here, we review the complex regulation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and its consequences on metabolism (e.g., substrate uptake, oxidation, and storage as well as mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle fibers). We focus on the role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery. We also address adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of AMPK as a therapeutic target as well as different AMPK activators and their potential for future drug development.—Kjøbsted, R., Hingst, J. R., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Sanz, M.-N., Pehmøller, C., Shum, M., Marette, A., Mounier, R., Treebak, J. T., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Viollet, B., Lantier, L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.

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Electrical Stimulation to Enhance Axon Regeneration After Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Animal Models and Humans.

Tessa Gordon (2016)

Injured peripheral nerves regenerate their lost axons but functional recovery in humans is frequently disappointing. This is so particularly when injuries require regeneration over long distances and/or over long time periods. Fat replacement of chronically denervated muscles, a commonly accepted explanation, does not account for poor functional recovery. Rather, the basis for the poor nerve regeneration is the transient expression of growth-associated genes that accounts for declining regenerative capacity of neurons and the regenerative support of Schwann cells over time. Brief low-frequency electrical stimulation accelerates motor and sensory axon outgrowth across injury sites that, even after delayed surgical repair of injured nerves in animal models and patients, enhances nerve regeneration and target reinnervation. The stimulation elevates neuronal cyclic adenosine monophosphate and, in turn, the expression of neurotrophic factors and other growth-associated genes, including cytoskeletal proteins. Electrical stimulation of denervated muscles immediately after nerve transection and surgical repair also accelerates muscle reinnervation but, at this time, how the daily requirement of long-duration electrical pulses can be delivered to muscles remains a practical issue prior to translation to patients. Finally, the technique of inserting autologous nerve grafts that bridge between a donor nerve and an adjacent recipient denervated nerve stump significantly improves nerve regeneration after delayed nerve repair, the donor nerves sustaining the capacity of the denervated Schwann cells to support nerve regeneration. These reviewed methods to promote nerve regeneration and, in turn, to enhance functional recovery after nerve injury and surgical repair are sufficiently promising for early translation to the clinic.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Technol Health Care

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Technol Health Care

Journal ID (publisher-id): THC

Title: Technology and Health Care

Publisher: IOS Press (Nieuwe Hemweg 6B, 1013 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands )

ISSN (Print): 0928-7329

ISSN (Electronic): 1878-7401

Publication date (Electronic, preprint): 25 January 2022

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 25 February 2022

Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2022

Volume: 30

Issue: Suppl 1

Pages: 371-382

Affiliations

[a ]Harbin Children’s Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

[b ]Emergency Department, SongBei Hospital of The Fourth Hospital Affiliated of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

[c ]The First Department of General Surgery, Harbin Children’s Hospital , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

[d ]The Second Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Yichun , Yichun, Heilongjiang, China

Author notes

[1]

Jiaqi Bi and Hong Jing contributed equally.

[* ]Corresponding author: Shiwei Zhang, Department of General Surgery, Harbin Children’s Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, China. E-mail: 356715354@ 123456qq.com .

Article

Publisher ID: THC228034

DOI: 10.3233/THC-THC228034

PMC ID: 9028610

PubMed ID: 35124612

SO-VID: 41a53bae-8df8-4065-931d-4633cd4f47e9

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Regulation of skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 cells through modulation of Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin via different low-frequency electromagnetic field energies

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Abstract

BACKGROUND:

OBJECTIVE:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION:

Related collections

Gamma Delta T cells

Most cited references 40

Recovery of Over-Ground Walking after Chronic Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury

AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism

Electrical Stimulation to Enhance Axon Regeneration After Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Animal Models and Humans.

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Cited by 3

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