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      Artificial Intelligence and Echocardiography: A Primer for Cardiac Sonographers

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          Abstract

          Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a key component in diagnostic medical imaging, including echocardiography. AI with deep learning has already been used with automated view labeling, measurements, and interpretation. As the development and use of AI in echocardiography increase, potential concerns may be raised by cardiac sonographers and the profession. This report, from a sonographer's perspective, focuses on defining AI, the basics of the technology, identifying some current applications of AI, and how the use of AI may improve patient care in the future.

          Highlights

          • AI will have a strong role in echocardiography.

          • AI will guide image acquisition and optimization.

          • AI for image analysis may aid in interpretation.

          • AI is a tool that will not replace sonographers but will help them be more efficient.

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          Most cited references14

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          Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in Adults: Recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography

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            Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers

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              Is Open Access

              Artificial intelligence and echocardiography

              Echocardiography plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. However, interpretation remains largely reliant on the subjective expertise of the operator. As a result inter-operator variability and experience can lead to incorrect diagnoses. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies provide new possibilities for echocardiography to generate accurate, consistent and automated interpretation of echocardiograms, thus potentially reducing the risk of human error. In this review, we discuss a subfield of AI relevant to image interpretation, called machine learning, and its potential to enhance the diagnostic performance of echocardiography. We discuss recent applications of these methods and future directions for AI-assisted interpretation of echocardiograms. The research suggests it is feasible to apply machine learning models to provide rapid, highly accurate and consistent assessment of echocardiograms, comparable to clinicians. These algorithms are capable of accurately quantifying a wide range of features, such as the severity of valvular heart disease or the ischaemic burden in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the applications and their use are still in their infancy within the field of echocardiography. Research to refine methods and validate their use for automation, quantification and diagnosis are in progress. Widespread adoption of robust AI tools in clinical echocardiography practice should follow and have the potential to deliver significant benefits for patient outcome.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Am Soc Echocardiogr
                J Am Soc Echocardiogr
                Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
                Mosby-Year Book
                0894-7317
                1097-6795
                11 June 2020
                11 June 2020
                Affiliations
                [a ]Duke Health System, Durham, North Carolina
                [b ]Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
                [c ]Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
                [d ]Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
                [e ]University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
                [f ]Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
                [g ]Stanford Healthcare, Stanford, California
                Author notes
                []Reprint requests: Ashlee Davis, BS, ACS, RDCS, FASE, Duke Health System, Duke University Hospital, Cardiac Diagnostic Unit, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710. ashlee.phillips@ 123456duke.edu
                Article
                S0894-7317(20)30256-X
                10.1016/j.echo.2020.04.025
                7289098
                32536431
                419643ab-d33a-44bd-a624-5d96a40e3b23
                2020 by the American Society of Echocardiography.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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                Categories
                Article

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                artificial intelligence,echocardiography,neural networks,deep learning,machine learning,ai, artificial intelligence,cnn, convolutional neural network,ef, ejection fraction

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