Deformed wing virus variant shift from 2010 to 2016 in managed and feral UK honey bee colonies

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Abstract

Deformed wing virus (DWV) has been linked to the global decline of honey bees. DWV exists as three master variants (DWV-A, DWV-B, and DWV-C), each with differing outcomes for the honey bee host. Research in the USA showed a shift from DWV-A to DWV-B between 2010 to 2016 in honey bee colonies. Likewise, in the UK, a small study in 2007 found only DWV-A, whereas in 2016, DWV-B was the most prevalent variant. This suggests a shift from DWV-A to DWV-B might have occurred in the UK between 2007 and 2016. To investigate this further, data from samples collected in 2009/10 (n = 46) were compared to existing data from 2016 (n = 42). These samples also allowed a comparison of DWV variants between Varroa-untreated (feral) and Varroa-treated (managed) colonies. The results revealed that, in the UK, DWV-A was far more prevalent in 2009/10 (87%) than in 2016 (43%). In contrast, DWV-B was less prevalent in 2009/10 (76%) than in 2016 (93%). Regardless if colonies had been treated for Varroa (managed) or not (feral), the same trend from DWV-A to DWV-B occurred. Overall, the results reveal a decrease in DWV-A and an increase in DWV-B in UK colonies.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00705-021-05162-3.

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Most cited references 54

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Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers.

Dave Goulson, Elizabeth Nicholls, Cristina Botías … (2015)

Bees are subject to numerous pressures in the modern world. The abundance and diversity of flowers has declined; bees are chronically exposed to cocktails of agrochemicals, and they are simultaneously exposed to novel parasites accidentally spread by humans. Climate change is likely to exacerbate these problems in the future. Stressors do not act in isolation; for example, pesticide exposure can impair both detoxification mechanisms and immune responses, rendering bees more susceptible to parasites. It seems certain that chronic exposure to multiple interacting stressors is driving honey bee colony losses and declines of wild pollinators, but such interactions are not addressed by current regulatory procedures, and studying these interactions experimentally poses a major challenge. In the meantime, taking steps to reduce stress on bees would seem prudent; incorporating flower-rich habitat into farmland, reducing pesticide use through adopting more sustainable farming methods, and enforcing effective quarantine measures on bee movements are all practical measures that should be adopted. Effective monitoring of wild pollinator populations is urgently needed to inform management strategies into the future.

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Biology and control of Varroa destructor.

Peter Rosenkranz, Pia Aumeier, Bettina Ziegelmann (2010)

The ectoparasitic honey bee mite Varroa destructor was originally confined to the Eastern honey bee Apis cerana. After a shift to the new host Apis mellifera during the first half of the last century, the parasite dispersed world wide and is currently considered the major threat for apiculture. The damage caused by Varroosis is thought to be a crucial driver for the periodical colony losses in Europe and the USA and regular Varroa treatments are essential in these countries. Therefore, Varroa research not only deals with a fascinating host-parasite relationship but also has a responsibility to find sustainable solutions for the beekeeping. This review provides a survey of the current knowledge in the main fields of Varroa research including the biology of the mite, damage to the host, host tolerance, tolerance breeding and Varroa treatment. We first present a general view on the functional morphology and on the biology of the Varroa mite with special emphasis on host-parasite interactions during reproduction of the female mite. The pathology section describes host damage at the individual and colony level including the problem of transmission of secondary infections by the mite. Knowledge of both the biology and the pathology of Varroa mites is essential for understanding possible tolerance mechanisms in the honey bee host. We comment on the few examples of natural tolerance in A. mellifera and evaluate recent approaches to the selection of Varroa tolerant honey bees. Finally, an extensive listing and critical evaluation of chemical and biological methods of Varroa treatments is given. This compilation of present-day knowledge on Varroa honey bee interactions emphasizes that we are still far from a solution for Varroa infestation and that, therefore, further research on mite biology, tolerance breeding, and Varroa treatment is urgently needed. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Multiple Comparisons Among Means

Olive Jean Dunn (1961)

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Author and article information

Contributors

J. L. Kevill:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-4338

j.kevill@bangor.ac.uk

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arch Virol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arch Virol

Title: Archives of Virology

Publisher: Springer Vienna (Vienna )

ISSN (Print): 0304-8608

ISSN (Electronic): 1432-8798

Publication date (Electronic): 17 July 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 17 July 2021

Publication date (Print): 2021

Volume: 166

Issue: 10

Pages: 2693-2702

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.17635.36, ISNI 0000000419368657, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, , University of Minnesota, ; 1365 Gortner Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA

[2 ]GRID grid.7362.0, ISNI 0000000118820937, Department of Natural Sciences, , Bangor University, ; Bangor, LL57 2DG Wales UK

[3 ]GRID grid.8752.8, ISNI 0000 0004 0460 5971, School of Environment and Life sciences, , University of Salford, ; Manchester, M5 4WX UK

[4 ]GRID grid.63622.33, ISNI 0000 0004 0388 7540, The Pirbright Institute, ; Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF UK

[5 ]GRID grid.470556.5, ISNI 0000 0004 5903 2525, Fera Science Ltd., NAFIC, ; Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ UK

[6 ]GRID grid.9435.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0457 9566, Environmental biology (Virology), Biomedical Sciences, , University of Reading, ; Reading, RG6 6AH UK

Author notes

Handling Editor: Simona Abba'.

Author information

J. L. Kevill http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-4338

Article

Publisher ID: 5162

DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05162-3

PMC ID: 8421296

PubMed ID: 34275024

SO-VID: 41689f82-f911-4748-a875-fd5e08bcc159

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 23 November 2020

Date accepted : 18 May 2021

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

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Deformed wing virus variant shift from 2010 to 2016 in managed and feral UK honey bee colonies

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Microbiology Society

Most cited references 54

Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers.

Biology and control of Varroa destructor.

Multiple Comparisons Among Means

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Cited by 12

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