Distribuição de Escherichia coli nos órgãos do sistema mononuclear fagocitário após esplenectomia total isolada ou combinada com auto-implante esplênico em rato

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Abstract

OBJETIVO: O auto-implante esplênico parece constituir a única alternativa para preservação de tecido esplênico, após esplenectomia total. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a depuração de Escherichia coli pelos órgãos do sistema mononuclear fagocitário (SMF) após esplenectomia total e auto-implante esplênico. MÉTODO: Utilizou-se um modelo experimental com ratos Wistar jovens e adultos, de ambos os sexos, submetidos a esplenectomia total e auto-implante esplênico. O método de avaliação foi a inoculação intravenosa de suspensão de Escherichia coli marcada com tecnécio - 99m. Analisou-se a captação desta bactéria pelos órgãos do SMF e o remanescente bacteriano na corrente sangüínea. RESULTADOS: Dentro de cada grupo, não foi encontrado diferença entre animais jovens e adultos no que se refere à captação de bactérias pelos órgãos do SMF. Na comparação entre os grupos verificou-se que o percentual médio de captação pelo baço e pelo fígado de animais do Grupo-Controle foi maior que o dos auto-implantes. Embora a captação de bactérias pelo baço de animais do Grupo-Controle tenha sido maior que o dos auto-implantes esplênicos, o remanescente bacteriano no sangue não foi diferente. Animais submetidos a esplenectomia total isolada apresentam maior remanescente de bactérias na corrente sangüínea que animais do Grupo-Controle ou do grupo submetido a esplenectomia total combinada com auto-implante esplênico. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados indicam que o auto-implante esplênico é eficaz na depuração de bactérias, em rato, mediante a fagocitose por seus macrófagos, e não interfere na função de remoção bacteriana do fígado e do pulmão.

Translated abstract

BACKGROUND: Splenic autotransplantation seems to be the only alternative for the preservation of splenic tissue, after total splenectomy. The present study was perfomed to analyze Escherichia coli depuration by mononuclear phagocytic system organs after total splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation. METHODS: We utilized an experimental model including young and adult Wistar rats, of both sexes, submitted to total splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation. The evaluation method was intravenous inoculation of a suspension of Escherichia coli labeled with technetium - 99m. We analyzed bacteria uptake by mononuclear phagocytic system organs and bacteria remnant in the bloodstream. RESULTS: There was no difference between young and adult animals in bacteria uptake by mononuclear phagocytic system organs. The mean percentage uptake by spleen and liver of animals in the control group was higher than that observed for animals with splenic implants. However, bacteria uptake in the lung was higher in the splenic implant group than in the control group. Although spleen bacteria uptake in the control group animals has been higher than that of animals in the splenic implant group, the remnant bacteria in the bloodstream was similar. Animals submitted to isolated total splenectomy showed higher bacteria remnant in the bloodstream than animals of the control group or the group submitted to total splenectomy combined with splenic autotransplantation. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that autogenous splenic implant is efficacious in bacteria depuration in rats, by means of their macrophages phagocytosis. In addition, it does not modify bacteria removal function of liver and lung.

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A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes

David Morton, Karl-Heinz Diehl, Robin Hull … (2001)

This article is the result of an initiative between the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries Associations (EFPIA) and the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). Its objectives are to provide the researcher in the safety evaluation laboratory with an up-to-date, easy-to-use set of data sheets to aid in the study design process whilst at the same time affording maximum welfare considerations to the experimental animals. Although this article is targeted at researchers in the European Pharmaceutical Industry, it is considered that the principles underpinning the data sets and refinement proposals are equally applicable to all those who use these techniques on animals in their research, whether in research institutes, universities or other sectors of industry. The implications of this article may lead to discussion with regulators, such as those responsible for pharmacopoeial testing. There are numerous publications dealing with the administration of test substances and the removal of blood samples, and many laboratories also have their own "in-house" guidelines that have been developed by custom and practice over many years. Within European Union Directive 86/609EEC1 we have an obligation to refine experiments to cause the minimum amount of stress. We hope that this article will provide background data useful to those responsible for protocol design and review. This guide is based on peer-reviewed publications whenever possible, but where this is not possible we have used "in-house" data and the experience of those on the working party (as well as helpful comments submitted by the industry) for a final opinion. The guide also addresses the continuing need to refine the techniques associated with the administration of substances and the withdrawal of blood, and suggests ways of doing so. Data-sharing between laboratories should be encouraged to avoid duplication of animal work, as well as sharing practical skills concerning animal welfare and scientific problems caused by "overdosing" in some way or another. The recommendations in this guide refer to the "normal" animal, and special consideration is needed, for instance, during pregnancy and lactation. Interpretation of studies may be confounded when large volumes are administered or excessive sampling employed, particularly if anaesthetics are used.