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      Aplicación del algoritmo inverso para diagnóstico de sífilis gestacional en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Perú. 2011-2017.

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: El propósito es evaluar los resultados de la aplicación del algoritmo inverso para el diagnóstico de sífilis gestacional en el Servicio de Medicina Preventiva del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima, entre 2011 al 2017. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Revisión de los resultados de los exámenes del Algoritmo inverso de sífilis gestacional. La Prueba Rápida de Sífilis (PRS) se utilizó como tamizaje, su positividad obligaba a efectuar la RPR, cuya reactividad definía la actividad de la enfermedad cuando era igual o mayor de 8 diluciones, títulos menores obligaban al seguimiento serológico. Resultado: Se tamizaron 46,880 embarazadas, la incidencia de sífilis activa fue de 1.02 por mil tamizadas, la frecuencia de títulos menores alcanzó el 29.33% de las positivas al PRS y la discordancia entre PRS y RPR el 57.87%, el seguimiento serológico fue insuficiente (7.27%), al igual que la evaluación de las parejas y/o contactos sexuales de las gestantes con sífilis activa (4.17%). Conclusión: El algoritmo permite un diagnóstico rápido y la instauración oportuna de la terapia antibiótica, pero su fiabilidad se optimizará con la sistematización de los controles de calidad internos y externos, seguimiento serológico sistemático, planificación de la estrategia que asegure la evaluación serológica y tratamiento de las parejas y/o contactos sexuales, y en los casos de discordancia, el algoritmo debe incluir otra prueba treponémica.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Introduction and objectives: The purpose is to evaluate the results of the application of the inverse algorithm for the diagnosis of gestational syphilis in the Preventive Medicine Service of the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute of Lima, between 2011 and 2017. Method: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study. The results of the diagnostic tests applying the inverse algorithm gestational syphilis were reviewed. The Rapid Syphilis Test (PRS)) was used as a screening, its positivity required to perform the RPR, whose reactivity defined the activity of the disease when it was equal to or greater than 8 dilutions, minor titers required serological follow-up. Result: The incidence of active syphilis was 1.02 per thousand screened, the frequency of minor titres reached 29.33% of those positive for PRS and the discordance between PRS and RPR was 57.87%, serological follow-up was insufficient (7.27%), as well as the evaluation of sexual partners and / or contacts of pregnant women with active syphilis (4.17%). Conclusion: The algorithm allows a rapid diagnosis and the timely establishment of antibiotic therapy, but its reliability will be optimized with the systematization of internal and external quality controls, systematic serological monitoring, strategy planning to ensure the serological evaluation and treatment of couples and / or sexual contacts, and in cases of discordance, the algorithm must include another treponemal test.

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          Treatment of syphilis: a systematic review.

          The incidence of syphilis in the United States is increasing; it is estimated that more than 55,000 new infections will occur in 2014. Treatment regimens are controversial, especially in specific populations, and assessing treatment response based on serology remains a challenge.
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            Acquired syphilis in adults.

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              Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis.

              The lack of a method for demonstrating the presence of Treponema pallidum by growth necessitates the use of alternative methods. Traditionally, these methods are divided into direct detection methods (animal inoculation, dark-field microscopy, etc.) and serologic tests for the presence of patient antibody against T. pallidum. Serologic methods are further divided into two classes. One class, the nontreponemal tests, detects antibodies to lipoidal antigens present in either the host or T. pallidum; examples are the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory and rapid plasma reagin and tests. Reactivity in these tests generally indicates host tissue damage that may not be specific for syphilis. Because these tests are easy and inexpensive to perform, they are commonly used for screening, and with proper clinical signs they are suggestive of syphilis. The other class of test, the treponemal tests, uses specific treponemal antigens. Confirmation of infection requires a reactive treponemal test. Examples of the treponemal tests are the microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to T. pallidum and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test. These tests are more expensive and complicated to perform than the nontreponemal tests. On the horizon are a number of direct antigen, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and PCR techniques. Several of these techniques have shown promise in clinical trials for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis and neurosyphilis that are presently difficult to diagnose.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rchog
                Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología
                Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0048-766X
                0717-7526
                2018
                : 83
                : 4
                : 359-367
                Affiliations
                [1] Lima orgnameInstituto Nacional Materno Perinatal orgdiv1Departamento de Patología orgdiv2Servicio de Patología Clínica Peru
                [2] Lima orgnameInstituto Nacional Materno Perinatal orgdiv1Unidad de Investigación Peru
                [3] Lima orgnameInstituto Nacional Materno Perinatal orgdiv1Departamento de Patología orgdiv2Servicio de Patología Clínica Peru
                Article
                S0717-75262018000400359
                10.4067/s0717-75262018000400359
                406a586b-11fb-4e9b-b9e5-febbaf3ec942

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                gestation,incidencia,Sífilis,gestación,algoritmo inverso,incidence,Syphilis,rapid syphilis test,inverse algorithm,prueba rápida de sífilis

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