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      Administración intratecal en dosis mínima de morfina para el manejo del dolor postquirúrgico en cesárea Translated title: Intrathecal administration in minimal dose of morphine for postoperative pain management in caesarean section

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          Abstract

          Resumen La morfina intratecal se ha utilizado con muy buenos resultados en el tratamiento del dolor agudo. Múltiples dosis se han utilizado, tratando de encontrar la dosis óptima. Objetivo: Conocer la dosis optima de morfina para analgesia postoperatoria en pacientes operadas de cesárea, con mínimos efectos secundarios. Material y método: Se diseñó un ensayo clínico, prospectivo controlado y aleatorizado. Se incluyeron 100 pacientes de cesárea, para control del dolor postoperatorio, ASA I y II. El grupo uno formado por 50 pacientes que recibieron morfina intratecal 80 μg, más bupivacaína hiperbárica 9 mg al 0.5%. El grupo dos, formado por 50 pacientes que recibieron lo mismo pero con 40 mg de morfina. Se cuantifico la incidencia de dolor por Escala visual análoga (EVA), nauseas, vómito y prurito, durante las siguientes 24 horas del postoperatorio. Se determinó el valor de (P < 0.05). Resultados: La analgesia fue efectiva en ambos grupos. El prurito fue el síntoma más frecuente y está directamente relacionado a la dosis usada. Conclusión: La analgesia postoperatoria con morfina espinal, es el estándar de oro para el dolor agudo. Dosis bajas son mejores con la finalidad de evitar efectos secundarios graves. Lo mejor es no usar morfina como monoterapia postoperatoria, el mejor esquema es la analgesia multimodal y dosis de rescate.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract. Intrathecal morphine has been used, with good results in the treatment of acute pain. Multiple doses have been used, trying to find the optimal dose. Objective: To know the optimum dosage of morphine for postoperative analgesia in patients operated of Caesarea, with minimal side effects. Material and method: we designed randomized and controlled clinical, prospective trial. We included 100 patients of Cesarean section for postoperative pain control, ASA I and II. The one group of 50 patients, received intrathecal morphine 80 μg, more 9 mg, 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Group two, of 50 patients, received the same but with 40 μg of morphine. They quantified the incidence of pain by EVA, nausea, vomiting and pruritus, during the next postoperative 24 hours. The value of (P < 0.05) was determined. Results: Analgesia was effective in both groups. The itching was the most frequent symptom and is directly related to the used dose. Conclusion: Postoperative analgesia with spinal morphine, is the “Gould standard” for acute pain. Low doses are better in order to avoid serious side effects. It is best not to use morphine postoperative monotherapy, the best scheme is multimodal analgesia and doses of rescue.

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          Most cited references22

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          Intraoperative and postoperative analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of intrathecal opioids in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: a qualitative and quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

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            Postcesarean section pain prediction by preoperative experimental pain assessment.

            Postcesarean section pain is a common cause of acute pain in obstetrics, yet pain relief and patient satisfaction are still inadequate in many cases. The present study was conducted to determine whether preoperative assessment of experimental pain perception by quantitative sensory tests could predict the level of postcesarean section pain. Fifty-eight women who were scheduled for elective cesarean section were enrolled in the study. Heat pain threshold and magnitude estimation of suprathreshold pain stimuli at 44 degrees-48 degrees C were assessed for both algosity (the sensory dimension of pain intensity) and unpleasantness 1 or 2 days before surgery. The day after the operation, the women reported the level of pain at the surgical wound on a visual analog scale at rest and during activity. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative scores in predicting postcesarean section pain. Postoperative visual analog scale scores at rest and during activity significantly correlated with preoperative suprathreshold pain scores at 44 degrees-48 degrees C (r = 0.31-0.58 for algosity and r = 0.33-0.74 for unpleasantness). The stimulus of 48 degrees C was found to be the best predictor of postoperative pain for both conditions (r = 0.434-0.527; P < 0.01). In contrast to suprathreshold pain stimuli, pain threshold was not correlated with postoperative pain. The results show that a simple and quick preoperative test is useful in identifying those women who will experience greater pain after a cesarean section. This test may be suggested for caregivers to tailor the postoperative treatment to specific patient needs and to improve postoperative outcome and patient satisfaction.
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              Dose-response relationship of intrathecal morphine for postcesarean analgesia.

              This series investigated the quality of analgesia and the incidence and severity of side effects of intrathecal morphine for post-cesarean analgesia administered over a dose range of 0.0-0.5 mg.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                am
                Anestesia en México
                Anest. Méx.
                Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Anestesiología A.C. (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                1405-0056
                2448-8771
                December 2018
                : 30
                : 3
                : 38-46
                Affiliations
                [1] Matamoros Tamaulipas orgnameHospital Alfredo Pumarejo Lafaurie Mexico Mabe2424@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2448-87712018000300038
                4016cff9-0bed-49c7-b4a8-ebc118481738

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

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                Artículos originales

                cesárea,dolor postoperatorio,Morfina intratecal,cesarean section,postoperative pain,Morphine intratecal

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