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      Wolbachia in two populations of Melittobia digitata Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Translated title: Wolbachia en dos poblaciones de Melittobia digitata Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

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          Translated abstract

          We investigated two populations of Melittobia digitata Dahms, a gregarious parasitoid (primarily upon a wide range of solitary bees, wasps, and flies), in search of Wolbachia infection. The first population, from Xalapa, Mexico, was originally collected from and reared on Mexican fruit fly pupae, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae); the other, from Athens, Georgia, was collected from and reared on prepupae of mud dauber wasps, Trypoxylon politum Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). PCR studies of the ITS2 region corroborated that both parasitoid populations were the same species; this potentially provides a useful molecular taxonomic profile since females of Melittobia species are superficially similar. Amplification of the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp) confirmed the presence of this endosymbiont in both populations. Sequencing revealed that the Wolbachia harbored in both populations exhibited a wsp belonging to a unique subgroup (denoted here as Dig) within the B-supergroup of known wsp genes. This new subgroup of wsp may either belong to a different strain of Wolbachia from those previously found to infect Melittobia or may be the result of a recombination event. In either case, known hosts of Wolbachia with a wsp of this subgroup are only distantly related taxonomically. Reasons are advanced as to why Melittobia - an easily reared and managed parasitoid - holds promise as an instructive model organism of Wolbachia infection amenable to the investigation of Wolbachia strains among its diverse hosts.

          Translated abstract

          Se investigaron dos poblaciones de Melittobia digitata Dahms, un parasitoide gregario (principalmente sobre un rango amplio de abejas solitarias, avispas y moscas), en busca de infección por Wolbachia. La primera población, provenía de Xalapa, México, y fue originalmente colectada y criada sobre pupas de la Mosca Mexicana de la Fruta, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). La segunda población, originaria de Athens, Georgia, fue colectada y criada sobre prepupas de avispas de barro, Trypoxylon politum Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). Estudios de PCR de la región ITS2 confirmaron que ambas poblaciones del parasitoide pertenecen a la misma especie; lo que nos provee de un perfil molecular taxonómico muy útil debído a que las hembras de las diversas especies de Melittobia son superficialmente similares. La amplificación del gen de superficie de proteina (wsp) de Wolbachia confirmó la presencia de este endosimbionte en ambas poblaciones. La ejecución de la secuencia reveló que Wolbachia alojada en ambas poblaciones exibe un wsp que pertenece a un subgrupo único (denominado aquí como Dig) dentro del supergrupo B de los genes wsp conocidos. Este nuevo subgrupo de wsp podría pertenecer o a un lineaje de Wolbachia de los previamente conocidos infectando a Melittobia o podría ser el resultado de algún evento recombinante. En cualquier caso, los huéspedes conocidos de Wolbachia con un wsp en este subgrupo están relacionados taxonómicamente en forma lejana. Se presentan razones posibles del por qué Melittobia - un parasitoide fácil de criar y manipular - es prometedor como un organismo modelo conveniente para el estudio de líneas de Wolbachia entre diversos huéspedes.

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          Phylogeny and PCR-based classification of Wolbachia strains using wsp gene sequences.

          Wolbachia are a group of intracellular inherited bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods. They are associated with a number of different reproductive phenotypes in their hosts, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis and feminization. While it is known that the bacterial strains responsible for these different host phenotypes form a single clade within the alpha-Proteobacteria, until now it has not been possible to resolve the evolutionary relationships between different Wolbachia strains. To address this issue we have cloned and sequenced a gene encoding a surface protein of Wolbachia (wsp) from a representative sample of 28 Wolbachia strains. The sequences from this gene were highly variable and could be used to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of different Wolbachia strains. Based on the sequence of the wsp gene from different Wolbachia isolates we propose that the Wolbachia pipientis clade be initially divided into 12 groups. As more sequence information becomes available we expect the number of such groups to increase. In addition, we present a method of Wolbachia classification based on the use of group-specific wsp polymerase chain reaction (PGR) primers which will allow Wolbachia isolates to be typed without the need to clone and sequence individual Wolbachia genes. This system should facilitate future studies investigating the distribution and biology of Wolbachia strains from large samples of different host species.
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            New hypothesis of the cause of cytoplasmic incompatibility in Culex pipiens L.

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              Wolbachia infection frequencies in insects: evidence of a global equilibrium?

              Wolbachia are a group of cytoplasmically inherited bacteria that cause reproduction alterations in arthropods, including parthenogenesis, reproductive incompatibility, feminization of genetic males and male killing. Previous general surveys of insects in Panama and Britain found Wolbachia to be common, occurring in 16-22% of species. Here, using similar polymerase chain reaction methods, we report that 19.3% of a sample of temperate North American insects are infected with Wolbachia, a frequency strikingly similar to frequencies found in two other studies in widely separated locales. The results may indicate a widespread equilibrium of Wolbachia infection frequencies in insects whose maintenance remains to be explained. Alternatively, Wolbachia may be increasing in global insect communities. Within each of the three geographic regions surveyed, Hymenoptera are more frequently infected with A group Wolbachia and Lepidoptera more frequently infected with B group Wolbachia.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ne
                Neotropical Entomology
                Neotrop. entomol.
                Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil (Londrina, PR, Brazil )
                1519-566X
                1678-8052
                December 2008
                : 37
                : 6
                : 633-640
                Affiliations
                [01] Gainesville FL orgnameUSDA orgdiv1ARS orgdiv2CMAVE USA
                [02] Athens GA orgnameUniversity of Georgia orgdiv1Dept. Entomology USA rmatthew@ 123456uga.edu
                [03] College Station TX orgnameTexas A & M University orgdiv1Dept. Entomology USA jmgonzalez@ 123456neo.tamu.edu
                [04] Xalapa Veracruz orgnameInstituto de Ecología Mexico martin.aluja@ 123456inecol.edu.mx
                Article
                S1519-566X2008000600002 S1519-566X(08)03700602
                3ff51d9d-4fcd-4c93-9840-c19de0c1954e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 August 2007
                : 08 October 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Ecology, Behavior and Bionomics

                endosymbiont,Parasitoid,chalcidoid,transmisión horizontal,horizontal transmission,endosimbionte,chalcidoide,Parasitoide

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