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      Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of MicroRNA as a Cancer Biomarker: Pros and Cons

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          Abstract

          Cancer is the second most fatal disease in the world and an early diagnosis is important for a successful treatment. Thus, it is necessary to develop fast, sensitive, simple, and inexpensive analytical tools for cancer biomarker detection. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an RNA cancer biomarker where the expression level in body fluid is strongly correlated to cancer. Various biosensors involving the detection of miRNA for cancer diagnosis were developed. The present review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in electrochemical biosensor for miRNA cancer marker detection from 2015 to 2020. The review focuses on the approaches to direct miRNA detection based on the electrochemical signal. It includes a RedOx-labeled probe with different designs, RedOx DNA-intercalating agents, various kinds of RedOx catalysts used to produce a signal response, and finally a free RedOx indicator. Furthermore, the advantages and drawbacks of these approaches are highlighted.

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          The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14

          Rosalind Lee, Rhonda L. Feinbaum, Victor Ambros (1993)
          Article 0 comments Cited 987 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Biomarkers of gastric cancer: Current topics and future perspective

            Tasuku Matsuoka, Masakazu Yashiro (2018)
            Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types in the world and an aggressive disease with a poor 5-year survival. This cancer is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Although the incidence is declining, the outcome of patients with GC remains dismal. Thus, the detection at an early stage utilizing useful screening approaches, selection of an appropriate treatment plan, and effective monitoring is pivotal to reduce GC mortalities. Identification of biomarkers in a basis of clinical information and comprehensive genome analysis could improve diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of recurrence and treatment response. This review summarized the current status and approaches in GC biomarker, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis, accurate prediction of therapeutic approaches and discussed the future perspective based on the molecular classification and profiling.
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              Claudin-containing exosomes in the peripheral circulation of women with ovarian cancer

              Jianghong Li, Cheryl Sherman-Baust, Miyun Tsai-Turton … (2009)
              Background The absence of highly sensitive and specific serum biomarkers makes mass screening for ovarian cancer impossible. The claudin proteins are frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancers, but their potential as prognostic, diagnostic, or detection markers remains unclear. Here, we have explored the possible use of these proteins as screening biomarkers for ovarian cancer detection. Methods Claudin protein shedding from cells was examined by immunoblotting of conditioned culture media. The presence of claudins in exosomes released from ovarian cancer cells was demonstrated by sucrose gradient separation and immunogold electron microscopy experiments. Claudin-4-containing exosomes in the plasma of ovarian cancer patients were evaluated in a pilot panel of 63 ovarian cancer patients and 50 healthy volunteers. The CA125 marker was also assessed in these samples and compared with claudin-4 positivity. Results We show that full-length claudins can be shed from ovarian cancer cells in culture and found in the media as part of small lipid vesicles known as exosomes. Moreover, 32 of 63 plasma samples from ovarian cancer patients exhibited the presence of claudin-4-containing exosomes. In contrast, only one of 50 samples from individuals without cancer exhibited claudin-4-positive exosomes. In our small panel, at a specificity of 98%, the claudin-4 and CA125 tests had sensitivities of 51% and 71%, respectively. The two tests did not appear to be independent and were strongly correlated. Conclusion Our work shows for the first time that claudin-4 can be released from ovarian cancer cells and can be detected in the peripheral circulation of ovarian cancer patients. The development of sensitive assays for the detection of claudin-4 in blood will be crucial in determining whether this approach can be useful, alone or in combination with other screening methods, for the detection of ovarian cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biosensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biosensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): biosensors
                Title: Biosensors
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2079-6374
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 November 2020
                Publication date Collection: November 2020
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 186
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II, University of Casablanca, B.P.146, Mohammedia 28806, Morocco; maliana.elaamri@ 123456etu.fstm.ac.ma (M.E.A.); ghita.yammouri-etu@ 123456etu.univh2c.ma (G.Y.); hasna2001fr@ 123456yahoo.fr (H.M.)
                [2 ]Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Equipe de Chimie Biorganique et Bioinorganique (ECBB), Bât 420, 2 Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91400 Orsay, France; hafsa.korri-youssoufi@ 123456universite-paris-saclay.fr
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: azizamine@ 123456yahoo.fr
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-8481
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-2224
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5858-5385
                Article
                Publisher ID: biosensors-10-00186
                DOI: 10.3390/bios10110186
                PMC ID: 7699780
                PubMed ID: 33233700
                SO-VID: 3fd3237f-b41a-4a84-9ad0-c989a5d24510
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 26 October 2020
                Date accepted : 18 November 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: microrna,electrochemical biosensor,catalysts,redox indicator,cancer biomarker
                Data availability:
                Keywords: microrna, electrochemical biosensor, catalysts, redox indicator, cancer biomarker

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