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      Doença de Alzheimer e espectroscopia por ressonância magnética do hipocampo Translated title: Alzheimer's disease and magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the hippocampus

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Obtenção de dados do espectro de metabolitos por ressonância magnética da formação hipocampal no idoso normal e com doença de Alzheimer (DA). MÉTODO: Os indivíduos foram pareados por idade, sendo 20 na amostra normal, CDR=0 e 40 com DA 3 CDR=1 e 2. Utilizou-se aparelho Signa Horizon LX-GE, 1.5T, ¹H-ERM com aplicativo automatizado PROBE/SV, VOI: hc (direito e esquerdo); voxel único (2x2x2cm); TR 1500ms/TE 50ms; PRESS; metabolitos: N-acetilaspartato (Naa), colina (Cho), creatina (Cr), mio-inositol (mI). RESULTADOS: Os presentes dados se referem aos quocientes de Naa, Cho e mI, com Cr tomada como referência e relação mI/Naa. O estudo mostrou o Naa reduzido, o mI e a relação mI/Naa aumentados e os resultados em relação à Cho foram variados. Os resultados da amostra global dos pacientes com DA em comparação à média ± dp da amostra normal foram significativos para Naa, mI e mI/Naa (p<0,01). A precisão, tomando os valores de modo individual das duas amostras, mostrou sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo satisfatórios. CONCLUSÃO: Os presentes resultados podem ser usados como ferramenta útil para detectar alterações patológicas no hipocampo de pacientes com DA, permitindo diagnóstico de maior precisão e mais precoce da doença.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: Acquisition of data of magnetic resonance metabolite spectrum of the hippocampal formation (hippocampus-hc) in the elderly, normal and with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: Subjects matched for age: a. normal sample (n=20), CDR=0, and b. AD sample (n=40), CDR 1 and 2. Technique: Signa Horizon LX-GE, 1.5T, ¹H-MRS with automated software PROBE/SV, VOI: hc (right and left); single voxel (2x2x2cm); TR 1500ms/TE 50ms; PRESS; metabolites: N-acetylaspartate (Naa), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (mI). RESULTS: The present data relate to the ratios of Naa, Cho and mI, with Cr taken as reference, and the mI/Naa ratio. The study showed reduction of Naa, increase of mI and of the mI/Naa ratio, and not consistent results for Cho. The results of the whole sample of AD patients compared to the pooled normal mean ± sd were significant for Naa, mI and mI/Naa (p<0.01). Accuracy in relation to the individual values of both samples showed satisfactory levels of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. CONCLUSION: The present results can be used as a helpful tool to detect pathologic changes of the hippocampus in AD, and allowing greater accuracy and an earlier diagnosis of this disease.

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          Most cited references24

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          Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes

          Eighty-three brains obtained at autopsy from nondemented and demented individuals were examined for extracellular amyloid deposits and intraneuronal neurofibrillary changes. The distribution pattern and packing density of amyloid deposits turned out to be of limited significance for differentiation of neuropathological stages. Neurofibrillary changes occurred in the form of neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. The distribution of neuritic plaques varied widely not only within architectonic units but also from one individual to another. Neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, in contrast, exhibited a characteristic distribution pattern permitting the differentiation of six stages. The first two stages were characterized by an either mild or severe alteration of the transentorhinal layer Pre-alpha (transentorhinal stages I-II). The two forms of limbic stages (stages III-IV) were marked by a conspicuous affection of layer Pre-alpha in both transentorhinal region and proper entorhinal cortex. In addition, there was mild involvement of the first Ammon's horn sector. The hallmark of the two isocortical stages (stages V-VI) was the destruction of virtually all isocortical association areas. The investigation showed that recognition of the six stages required qualitative evaluation of only a few key preparations.
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            Regional metabolic patterns in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A 1H MRS study.

            Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a recently described transitional clinical state between normal aging and AD. Assuming that amnestic MCI patients had pathologic changes corresponding to an early phase and probable AD patients to a later phase of the disease progression, the authors could approximate the temporal course of proton MR spectroscopic (1H MRS) alterations in AD with a cross-sectional sampling scheme. The authors compared 1H MRS findings in the superior temporal lobe, posterior cingulate gyri, and medial occipital lobe in 21 patients with MCI, 21 patients with probable AD, and 63 elderly controls. These areas are known to be involved at different neurofibrillary pathologic stages of AD. The N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratios were significantly lower in AD patients compared to both MCI and normal control subjects in the left superior temporal and the posterior cingulate volumes of interest (VOI) and there were no between-group differences in the medial occipital VOI. Myoinositol (MI)/Cr ratios measured from the posterior cingulate VOI were significantly higher in both MCI and AD patients than controls. The choline (Cho)/Cr ratios measured from the posterior cingulate VOI were higher in AD patients compared to both MCI and control subjects. These findings suggest that the initial 1H MRS change in the pathologic progression of AD is an increase in MI/Cr. A decrease in NAA/Cr and an increase in Cho/Cr develop later in the disease course.
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              Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain.

              Magnetic resonance (MR; synonymous with NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance) is a universal physical technique best known for non-invasive detection and anatomical mapping of water protons (H). MR-spectroscopy (MRS) records protons from tissue chemicals other than water, intrinsic phosphorus containing metabolites, sodium, potassium, carbon, nitrogen, and fluorine. MRS is therefore an imaging technique with the potential to record human and animal biochemistry in vivo. As a result of wide availability of MRI equipment in research laboratories and hospitals, MRS is a serious competitor with PET to define normal body composition and its perturbation by pharmacological and pathological events. This article describes practical aspects of in vivo MRS with particular emphasis on the brain, where novel metabolites have been described. A survey of these new aspects of neurochemistry emphasize their practical utility as neuronal and axonal markers, measures of energy status, membrane constituents, and osmolytes, as well as some xenobiotics, such as alcohol. The concept of multinuclear in vivo MRS is illustrated by diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of several human brain disorders. Although these methods are currently most frequently encountered in human studies, as well as with transgenic and knockout mouse models, MRS adds a new dimension to anatomic and histopathologic descriptions. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                anp
                Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
                Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
                Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-282X
                1678-4227
                December 2001
                : 59
                : 4
                : 865-870
                Affiliations
                [05] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1IPUB orgdiv2Centro de Atendimento para Pessoas com Doença de Alzheimer
                [08] orgnameHospital PróCardíaco orgdiv1Setor de Radiologia
                [07] orgnameHospital PróCardíaco orgdiv1Setor de Radiologia
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto orgdiv2Setor de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento
                [06] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1IPUB
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto orgdiv2Setor de Radiologia
                [04] orgnameUNESA
                Article
                S0004-282X2001000600006 S0004-282X(01)05900406
                3fc8cf60-8e94-4602-8506-b04f01877b4e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 June 2001
                : 03 August 2001
                : 30 July 2001
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                magnetic resonance,doença de Alzheimer,hipocampo,espectroscopia de prótons,ressonância magnética,Alzheimer's disease,hippocampus,proton spectroscopy

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