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      Interstitial 125I Brachytherapy as a Salvage Treatment for Refractory Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After External Irradiation With a CT-Guided Coplanar Template-Assisted Technique: A Retrospective Study

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          Abstract

          Purpose: To analyze the outcome and prognosis of patients with refractory cervical lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after external irradiation, who underwent interstitial 125I brachytherapy as a salvage treatment with a CT-guided coplanar template-assisted technique. We also want to compare the dosimetry of 3D printed coplanar template-assisted interstitial 125I brachytherapy preoperative and postoperative, and to explore the accuracy of this technology. Material and methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the results of 32 patients with refractory cervical lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after external irradiation, who underwent interstitial 125I brachytherapy as a salvage treatment with a CT-guided coplanar template-assisted technique from January 2012 to December 2017. Results: The actual D90 were 114 to 240 Gy, and the median postoperative dosimetry assessment was 177.5 Gy. The local control rates at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 87.5%, 59.38%, 40.63%, and 31.25%, respectively. The median local control time was 7.5 months. The median overall survival time was 10.5 months (95% CI, 8.9-13.4), and the survival rates of 1- and 2-year, respectively, were 43.75% and 9.38%. There were 36 lesions in 32 patients. By performing a paired t-test analysis, there was no significant difference in D90, D100, V100, V150, V200, GTV volume, CI, EI, and HI between preoperative and postoperative ( P > .05). Conclusions: Interstitial 125I brachytherapy can be used as a salvage treatment for patients with refractory cervical lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after external irradiation. With the auxiliary function of 3D printed coplanar template, the main dosimetry parameters verified after the operation can meet the requirements of the preoperative plan with good treatment accuracy.

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          Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries

          Ahmedin Jemal, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca Siegel … (2018)
          This article provides a status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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            Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for oesophageal or junctional cancer (CROSS): long-term results of a randomised controlled trial.

            Joel Shapiro, J Jan B van Lanschot, Maarten C. C. M. Hulshof … (2015)
            Initial results of the ChemoRadiotherapy for Oesophageal cancer followed by Surgery Study (CROSS) comparing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or oesophagogastric junction showed a significant increase in 5-year overall survival in favour of the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery group after a median of 45 months' follow-up. In this Article, we report the long-term results after a minimum follow-up of 5 years.
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              Irradiation and anti-PD-L1 treatment synergistically promote antitumor immunity in mice.

              Liufu Deng, Hua L. Liang, Byron Burnette … (2014)
              High-dose ionizing irradiation (IR) results in direct tumor cell death and augments tumor-specific immunity, which enhances tumor control both locally and distantly. Unfortunately, local relapses often occur following IR treatment, indicating that IR-induced responses are inadequate to maintain antitumor immunity. Therapeutic blockade of the T cell negative regulator programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, also called B7-H1) can enhance T cell effector function when PD-L1 is expressed in chronically inflamed tissues and tumors. Here, we demonstrate that PD-L1 was upregulated in the tumor microenvironment after IR. Administration of anti-PD-L1 enhanced the efficacy of IR through a cytotoxic T cell-dependent mechanism. Concomitant with IR-mediated tumor regression, we observed that IR and anti-PD-L1 synergistically reduced the local accumulation of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which suppress T cells and alter the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, activation of cytotoxic T cells with combination therapy mediated the reduction of MDSCs in tumors through the cytotoxic actions of TNF. Our data provide evidence for a close interaction between IR, T cells, and the PD-L1/PD-1 axis and establish a basis for the rational design of combination therapy with immune modulators and radiotherapy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Technol Cancer Res Treat
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Technol Cancer Res Treat
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TCT
                Journal ID (hwp): sptct
                Title: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                ISSN (Print): 1533-0346
                ISSN (Electronic): 1533-0338
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 June 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 21
                Electronic Location Identifier: 15330338221103102
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Shandong, China
                [2 ]Department of Radiation Oncology, Ringgold 66482, universityPeking University 3rd Hospital; , Beijing, P. R. China
                Author notes
                [*]

                Co-first author.

                [*]Kaixian Zhang, Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277599, China. Email: kaixianzhangtz@ 123456163.com
                [*]Junjie Wang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China. Email: junjiewang_edu@ 123456sina.cn
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-3453
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_15330338221103102
                DOI: 10.1177/15330338221103102
                PMC ID: 9168871
                PubMed ID: 35656785
                SO-VID: 3fb187d1-28da-4c30-b8d4-1d278f91f4c3
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 23 November 2021
                Date revision received : 31 March 2022
                Date accepted : 21 April 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Advances in Brachytherapy and Optimization of Ablative Radiotherapy
                Subject: Original Article
                Custom metadata
                typesetter ts19
                cover-date January-December 2022

                Keywords: 125i,cervical lymph node,thoracic esophageal cancer,ct-guided,coplanar template
                Data availability:
                Keywords: 125i, cervical lymph node, thoracic esophageal cancer, ct-guided, coplanar template

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