Nitric Oxide (NO) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): New Potential Biotechnological Tools for Postharvest Storage of Horticultural Crops

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Abstract

Storage and maintenance of horticultural products in optimal conditions for a reasonable period, once they have been harvested is a technological challenge. Diverse methods are generally used, i.e., low temperature but, in many cases, it may provoke undesirable collateral effects such as softening or promoting pathogens infections, thus causing their deterioration. Nitric oxide ( ^·NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H ₂S) are compounds generated endogenously by plants with signaling properties that mediate fruit development and ripening. Additionally, when these molecules are applied exogenously, they can provide benefits such as maintaining the quality of horticultural products and even prolonging their shelf-life once they are stored. This review provides a broad perspective of ^·NO and H ₂S metabolism in plant cells and, in addition, different plant models are described of how the exogenous application of either NO or H ₂S to horticultural products preserves nutritional quality during postharvest storage.

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The possible role of hydrogen sulfide as an endogenous neuromodulator.

K Abe, H. Kimura (1996)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is well known as a toxic gas, is produced endogenously from L-cysteine in mammalian tissues. H2S is present at relatively high levels in the brain, suggesting that it has a physiological function. Two other gases, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, are also endogenously produced and have been proposed as neuronal messengers in the brain. In this work we show the following: (1) an H2S-producing enzyme, cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), is highly expressed in the hippocampus; (2) CBS inhibitors hydroxylamine and amino-oxyacetate suppress the production of brain H2S; and (3) a CBS activator, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, enhances H2S production, indicating that CBS contributes to the production of endogenous H2S. We also show that physiological concentrations of H2S selectively enhance NMDA receptor-mediated responses and facilitate the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation. These observations suggest that endogenous H2S functions as a neuromodulator in the brain.

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Chemical Biology of H2S Signaling through Persulfidation

Ruma Banerjee, Beatriz Álvarez, Jasmina Živanović … (2017)

Signaling by H2S is proposed to occur via persulfidation, a posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). Persulfidation provides a framework for understanding the physiological and pharmacological effects of H2S. Due to the inherent instability of persulfides, their chemistry is understudied. In this review, we discuss the biologically relevant chemistry of H2S and the enzymatic routes for its production and oxidation. We cover the chemical biology of persulfides and the chemical probes for detecting them. We conclude by discussing the roles ascribed to protein persulfidation in cell signaling pathways.

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A review of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) donors: Chemistry and potential therapeutic applications

Chadwick R Powell, Kearsley M Dillon, John Matson (2018)

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a ubiquitous small gaseous signaling molecule, playing an important role in many physiological processes and joining nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in the group of signaling agents termed gasotransmitters. Endogenous concentrations of H 2 S are generally low, making it difficult to discern precise biological functions. As such, probing the physiological roles of H 2 S is aided by exogenous delivery of the gas in cell and animal studies. This need for an exogenous source of H 2 S provides a unique challenge for chemists to develop chemical tools that facilitate the study of H 2 S under biological conditions. Compounds that degrade in response to a specific trigger to release H 2 S, termed H 2 S donors, include a wide variety of functional groups and delivery systems, some of which mimic the tightly controlled endogenous production in response to specific, biologically relevant conditions. This review examines a variety of H 2 S donor systems classified by their H 2 S-releasing trigger as well as their H 2 S release profiles, byproducts, and potential therapeutic applications.