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      Radio-Frequency Biosensors for Real-Time and Continuous Glucose Detection

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          Abstract

          This review paper focuses on radio-frequency (RF) biosensors for real-time and continuous glucose sensing reported in the literature, including our recent research. Diverse versions of glucose biosensors based on RF devices and circuits are briefly introduced, and their performances are compared. In addition, the limitations of the developed RF glucose biosensors are discussed. Finally, we present perspectives on state-of-art RF biosensing chips for point-of-care diagnosis and describe their future challenges.

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          Electrode systems for continuous monitoring in cardiovascular surgery.

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            Electrochemical glucose biosensors.

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              Glucose Biosensors: An Overview of Use in Clinical Practice

              Blood glucose monitoring has been established as a valuable tool in the management of diabetes. Since maintaining normal blood glucose levels is recommended, a series of suitable glucose biosensors have been developed. During the last 50 years, glucose biosensor technology including point-of-care devices, continuous glucose monitoring systems and noninvasive glucose monitoring systems has been significantly improved. However, there continues to be several challenges related to the achievement of accurate and reliable glucose monitoring. Further technical improvements in glucose biosensors, standardization of the analytical goals for their performance, and continuously assessing and training lay users are required. This article reviews the brief history, basic principles, analytical performance, and the present status of glucose biosensors in the clinical practice.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                sensors
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                MDPI
                1424-8220
                06 March 2021
                March 2021
                : 21
                : 5
                : 1843
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; chorom@ 123456yonsei.ac.kr
                [2 ]Department of Physics Education, College of Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea; hjlee@ 123456daegu.ac.kr
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: jgyook@ 123456yonsei.ac.kr ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-4618
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3400-1867
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-511X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-289X
                Article
                sensors-21-01843
                10.3390/s21051843
                7961512
                33800771
                3e9bf6fc-704e-433d-9d1b-d527a7905854
                © 2021 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 03 February 2021
                : 04 March 2021
                Categories
                Review

                Biomedical engineering
                radio-frequency,microwave,insulin,glucose,real-time,biosensor,diabetes
                Biomedical engineering
                radio-frequency, microwave, insulin, glucose, real-time, biosensor, diabetes

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