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      Suicidal Ideation Among Children and Young Adults in a 24/7 Messenger-Based Psychological Chat Counseling Service

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          Abstract

          Background

          Suicidality in children and young adults is a pervasive problem: approximately 40% of respondents in epidemiological surveys in German schools reported suicidal ideation, while up to 9% reported a suicide attempt in the past. While there is compelling evidence for the effectiveness of telephone-based hotline services, an increasing preference of adolescents for messenger-based counseling services can be observed. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the utilization behavior and user satisfaction of users contacting a German messenger-based chat counseling service (“ krisenchat”) regarding suicidal ideation.

          Methods

          The present cross-sectional study analyzed retrospective anonymous data on sociodemographic variables, utilization behavior, and user satisfaction of krisenchat users who used the service between May 2020 and July 2021. Chi-square-tests were used to identify associations of sociodemographic characteristics and utilization behavior with suicidal ideation. Mann-Whitney- U-tests were used to compare the user satisfaction and the recommendation-to-others-rate between suicidal and non-suicidal krisenchat-users.

          Results

          In total, chat data of N = 11,031 users were collected. Of the n = 6,962 users included in the final analysis, n = 1,444 (20.7%) contacted krisenchat because of suicidal ideation. The average user experiencing suicidal ideation was 17 years old, female and currently not receiving other treatment. Further, suicidal ideation was significantly and positively associated with age and non-suicidal self-injury. Regarding utilization patterns, there were significant positive associations between suicidal ideation and counseling session count, mean amount of messages sent, and mean amount of words used per message by the user. User satisfaction was high, with 64.7% ( n = 413) of users that answered the feedback survey and experiencing suicidal ideation rating the help they received as at least “good” and a recommendation rate of 89.6% ( n = 571). Most importantly, no differences were found between users reporting suicidal ideation and those that do not regarding satisfaction and the probability of recommending the service.

          Conclusion

          Results imply satisfaction with the counseling service among users with suicidal ideation. Nevertheless, there is a need for further research into messenger-based counseling services regarding the prevention of suicidal behavior in children, youths, and young adults. Longitudinal studies are especially needed to assess the effectiveness of messenger-based interventions.

          Study Registration

          DRKS00026671.

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          Most cited references48

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          The one number you need to grow.

          Companies spend lots of time and money on complex tools to assess customer satisfaction. But they're measuring the wrong thing. The best predictor of top-line growth can usually be captured in a single survey question: Would you recommend this company to a friend? This finding is based on two years of research in which a variety of survey questions were tested by linking the responses with actual customer behavior--purchasing patterns and referrals--and ultimately with company growth. Surprisingly, the most effective question wasn't about customer satisfaction or even loyalty per se. In most of the industries studied, the percentage of customers enthusiastic enough about a company to refer it to a friend or colleague directly correlated with growth rates among competitors. Willingness to talk up a company or product to friends, family, and colleagues is one of the best indicators of loyalty because of the customer's sacrifice in making the recommendation. When customers act as references, they do more than indicate they've received good economic value from a company; they put their own reputations on the line. And they will risk their reputations only if they feel intense loyalty. The findings point to a new, simpler approach to customer research, one directly linked to a company's results. By substituting a single question--blunt tool though it may appear to be--for the complex black box of the customer satisfaction survey, companies can actually put consumer survey results to use and focus employees on the task of stimulating growth.
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            Adult health outcomes of childhood bullying victimization: evidence from a five-decade longitudinal British birth cohort.

            The authors examined midlife outcomes of childhood bullying victimization.
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              The Essential Guide to Effect Sizes

              Paul Ellis (2010)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychiatry
                Front Psychiatry
                Front. Psychiatry
                Frontiers in Psychiatry
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-0640
                28 March 2022
                2022
                : 13
                : 862298
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University , Leipzig, Germany
                [2] 2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig University , Leipzig, Germany
                [3] 3krisenchat gGmbH , Berlin, Germany
                [4] 4Department of Psychology, Chair of Personality Psychology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Berlin, Germany
                Author notes

                Edited by: Kairi Kõlves, Griffith University, Australia

                Reviewed by: Bonnie Scarth, University of Otago, New Zealand; Mark Larsen, University of New South Wales, Australia

                *Correspondence: Christine Rummel-Kluge Christine.Rummel-Kluge@ 123456medizin.uni-leipzig.de

                This article was submitted to Public Mental Health, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry

                †These authors share first authorship

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyt.2022.862298
                8995430
                35418889
                3dffa6b4-91a6-463a-a46e-1b041d984b42
                Copyright © 2022 Kohls, Guenthner, Baldofski, Eckert, Efe, Kuehne, Saee, Thomas, Wundrack and Rummel-Kluge.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 25 January 2022
                : 07 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 52, Pages: 8, Words: 6754
                Categories
                Psychiatry
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                suicidal ideation (si),suicide prevention,chat counseling,adolescent,e-mental health,online intervention,young adults,children

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