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      A Case of Successful Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Severely Underweight Patient with Aplastic Anemia

      case-report
      1 , , 2
      Case Reports in Hematology
      Hindawi

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          Abstract

          Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSTC) is considered definitive and the most effective treatment for young patients diagnosed with severe aplastic anemia. Low body mass index (BMI) is known to be associated with poorer outcomes in stem cell transplantation and higher mortality risks. Malnutrition negatively affects the patient's ability to mobilize stem cells, therefore reducing patients' stem cell production, although the patient's nutritional status improvement with enteral and parenteral nutrition may reduce the risks of stem cell graft failure and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) occurrence. The present report demonstrates a severely underweight patient with aplastic anemia and a BMI of 11 kg/m 2 who was unsuccessfully treated with immunosuppressive therapy followed by alloHSTC.

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          Most cited references16

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          Nutrition support in hospitalised adults at nutritional risk.

          The prevalence of disease-related malnutrition in Western European hospitals is estimated to be about 30%. There is no consensus whether poor nutritional status causes poorer clinical outcome or if it is merely associated with it. The intention with all forms of nutrition support is to increase uptake of essential nutrients and improve clinical outcome. Previous reviews have shown conflicting results with regard to the effects of nutrition support.
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            Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in aplastic anemia: current indications and transplant strategies

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              Choice of conditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia

              Flu/Cy/ATG and Cy/ATG regimens offer the best survival for matched-sibling BMT. Transplantation in patients aged ≥30 years is associated with higher mortality after matched-sibling and unrelated donor BMT. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is curative therapy for the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). However, several conditioning regimens can be used for BMT. We evaluated transplant conditioning regimens for BMT in SAA after HLA-matched sibling and unrelated donor BMT. For recipients of HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation (n = 955), fludarabine (Flu)/cyclophosphamide (Cy)/antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or Cy/ATG led to the best survival. The 5-year probabilities of survival with Flu/Cy/ATG, Cy/ATG, Cy ± Flu, and busulfan/Cy were 91%, 91%, 80%, and 84%, respectively ( P = .001). For recipients of 8/8 and 7/8 HLA allele-matched unrelated donor transplantation (n = 409), there were no differences in survival between regimens. The 5-year probabilities of survival with Cy/ATG/total body irradiation 200 cGy, Flu/Cy/ATG/total body irradiation 200 cGy, Flu/Cy/ATG, and Cy/ATG were 77%, 80%, 75%, and 72%, respectively ( P = .61). Rabbit-derived ATG compared with equine-derived ATG was associated with a lower risk of grade II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.39; P < .001) but not chronic GVHD. Independent of conditioning regimen, survival was lower in patients aged >30 years after HLA-matched sibling (HR, 2.74; P < .001) or unrelated donor (HR, 1.98; P = .001) transplantation. These data support Flu/Cy/ATG and Cy/ATG as optimal regimens for HLA-matched sibling BMT. Although survival after an unrelated donor BMT did not differ between regimens, use of rabbit-derived ATG may be preferred because of lower risks of acute GVHD.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Case Rep Hematol
                Case Rep Hematol
                CRIHEM
                Case Reports in Hematology
                Hindawi
                2090-6560
                2090-6579
                2024
                4 March 2024
                : 2024
                : 2044820
                Affiliations
                1Faculty of Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
                2Hematology, Oncology, and Transfusion Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu Str. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Pier Paolo Piccaluga

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-0657
                Article
                10.1155/2024/2044820
                10927337
                38469371
                3dfcde68-bfc5-46f5-86d8-e321556d1779
                Copyright © 2024 Lilija Banceviča and Andrius Žučenka.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 September 2023
                : 1 February 2024
                : 8 February 2024
                Categories
                Case Report

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