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      Soils suppressive against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici identified under wheat crop monoculture in southern Chile Translated title: Suelos supresivos a Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, identificados en monocultivos de trigo, en el sur de Chile

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          Abstract

          Improved knowledge of the biological phenomenon of soil suppressiveness is critical for the management and biological control of soil-borne pathogens. Andisols, which are located in southern Chile, show very high conduciveness to the take-all disease of wheat caused by the fungal soil-borne pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. However, no previous reports have investigated suppressive soils in this important wheat-producing area. The first part of this study was conducted to identify soils suppressive to the take-all disease, and will be followed by a characterization of its microflora to identify potential bio-control agents against the fungal pathogen. Based on the transferability of suppressiveness into the same sterile soil background, 20 soils were collected from different wheat-growing areas in southern Chile and were classified as either suppressive or conducive to the take-all disease under artificial inoculation in a greenhouse environment. Five soils were found to have highly suppressive properties to the take-all disease of wheat, and suppressiveness was observed in soils with a long history of wheat monoculture. Suppressive and conducive soils were found to have overlapping physicochemical characteristics. This is the first report of soils suppressive to take-all of wheat in Chile.

          Translated abstract

          Incrementar el conocimiento del fenómeno biológico de los suelos supresivos es un aspecto crítico para el manejo y control biológico de patógenos vegetales asociados al suelo. Los Andisoles del sur de Chile son suelos altamente predisponentes para la pudrición radical del trigo, causada por el hongo Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Sin embargo, no existen antecedentes de investigaciones sobre la presencia de suelos supresivos a esta enfermedad en esta importante zona productora de trigo. La primera parte de este estudio tuvo como propósito identificar suelos supresivos a la pudrición radical del trigo para luego, caracterizar su microflora en la búsqueda de potenciales agentes de control biológico del agente causal. En base a la transferencia de la supresividad al mismo suelo evaluado, previamente esterilizado, veinte suelos colectados en diferentes áreas productoras de trigo del sur de Chile, fueron clasificados como supresivos o conductivos a la pudrición radical, bajo condiciones de inoculación artificial en invernadero. Se encontró propiedades altamente supresivas hacia la enfermedad en cinco de estos suelos, los cuales poseían un largo historial de monocultivo de trigo. Ambos tipos de suelos, supresivos y conductivos, comparten características físico-químicas similares. Este es el primer reporte sobre suelos supresivos a la pudrición radical del trigo en Chile.

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          Most cited references19

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          Microbial diversity in soil: selection microbial populations by plant and soil type and implications for disease suppressiveness.

          An increasing interest has emerged with respect to the importance of microbial diversity in soil habitats. The extent of the diversity of microorganisms in soil is seen to be critical to the maintenance of soil health and quality, as a wide range of microorganisms is involved in important soil functions. This review focuses on recent data relating how plant type, soil type, and soil management regime affect the microbial diversity of soil and the implication for the soil's disease suppressiveness. The two main drivers of soil microbial community structure, i.e., plant type and soil type, are thought to exert their function in a complex manner. We propose that the fact that in some situations the soil and in others the plant type is the key factor determining soil microbial diversity is related to the complexity of the microbial interactions in soil, including interactions between microorganisms and soil and microorganisms and plants. A conceptual framework, based on the relative strengths of the shaping forces exerted by plant and soil versus the ecological behavior of microorganisms, is proposed.
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            Soil Chemical and Physical Properties Associated with Suppression of Take-all of Wheat by Trichoderma koningii.

            ABSTRACT Trichoderma koningii, originally isolated from a take-all-suppressive soil in Western Australia, has been shown to protect wheat against take-all disease and increase grain yield in field trials in Australia, China, and the United States. However, within a region, the level of protection provided by T. koningii can dramatically vary between field sites. We evaluated suppression of take-all by this fungus in eight silt loams from the Pacific Northwest of the United States and the influence of 21 abiotic soil parameters on biocontrol activity. While T. koningii significantly increased plant growth and reduced disease severity in all eight silt loams, the level of protection varied significantly among the soils. Disease suppression was not associated with the conduciveness of a soil to take-all, but rather to the supportiveness of a soil to biocontrol activity. Biocontrol activity was positively correlated with iron, nitrate-nitrogen, boron, copper, soluble magnesium, and percent clay, and negatively correlated with soil pH and available phosphorus. Principal component factor analysis using these eight variables resulted in a three-component solution that accounted for 95% of the variation in disease rating. Least squares regression analysis (R(2) = 0.992) identified a model that included nitrate-nitrogen, soil pH, copper, and soluble magnesium, and described the variance in take-all suppression by T. koningii. Potential applications of these results include amending soil or inoculants with beneficial factors that may be lacking in the target soil and customizing biocontrol treatments for sites that have parameters predictive of a favorable environment for disease suppression.
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              Suppression of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in Montana soils and its transferability between soils

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ciagr
                Ciencia e investigación agraria
                Cienc. Inv. Agr.
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-1620
                December 2011
                : 38
                : 3
                : 345-356
                Affiliations
                [03] Temuco orgnameResearcher at Centro Regional de Investigación INIA-Carillanca Chile
                [04] Temuco orgnameUniversidad de la Frontera orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética Chile
                [01] Temuco orgnameUniversidad Católica de Temuco orgdiv1Escuela de Agronomía Chile
                [02] Temuco orgnameInstituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias orgdiv1Centro Regional de Investigación INIA-Carillanca Chile
                Article
                S0718-16202011000300004 S0718-1620(11)03800304
                3dfbf66f-33d4-4793-a907-576b9aab1ee5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 June 2010
                : 22 August 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                RESEARCH PAPERS

                suelos supresivos a la pudrición radical,Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici,Control biológico,take-all suppressive soils,Biological control

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