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      Alimentos artesanales y tradicionales: el queso Oaxaca como un caso de estudio del centro de México Translated title: Artisan-made and traditional foods: The Oaxaca fresh cheese as study case in central Mexico

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          Abstract

          Los productos alimenticios artesanales han sido ampliamente estudiados por sus características y potencialidades. Sin embargo, todavía no se cuenta con un concepto unificado de lo que se entiende por artesanal. Aunque se tienen disponibles algunas definiciones que hacen referencia a productos comestibles hechos a mano, no toman en cuenta la existencia de regulaciones, con parámetros específicos, que un producto alimenticio debe cumplir para ser comercializado. El aumento de la demanda de estos productos, sus valores cultural, saludable, de sabor y textura, aunado a su potencial para constituirse como una estrategia factible de desarrollo rural, ha llamado nuestra atención para investigar si los productos artesanales alimenticios podrían sobrevivir en un mundo regularizado lleno de especificaciones que deben reunirse. El caso de estudio del queso de Oaxaca producido en el centro de México da un ejemplo de la incapacidad de los artesanos para cumplir los requisitos legales actuales, diseñados principalmente para los productos alimenticios industrializados. Se propone un nuevo término para referirse a los productos comestibles elaborados con métodos tradicionales, que emplean el conocimiento tradicional, para que los artesanos pudieran continuar existiendo con su estilo de vida. Se sugiere también un enfoque nuevo para que se considere en el sistema de regulación para este tipo de productos, en el que no debe olvidarse que se debe informar al consumidor sobre la variabilidad natural del producto comprado debida al origen artesanal del mismo, esto es a su "artesanalidad"

          Translated abstract

          Artisan food products have been widely analyzed according to their characteristics and potentials. Nevertheless, a unified definition of what constitutes an artisan made product has not been agreed yet. Looking into the available definitions of artisan made, some of them make reference to handcrafted food products although those definitions do not mention that there are regulations, with specific parameters, that a food product must met. The increase in the demand of artisan made food products, their cultural, health, flavour and texture values, joined to the potential of becoming a feasible rural developing strategy has attracted our attention to investigate whether artisan made food products could survive in a regularized world full of specifications that must be met. The case of study of Oaxaca cheese produced in the center of Mexico gives an example of the inability of artisans to fulfill the current legal requirements designed mainly for industrialized food products. A new terminology is proposed to refer to foodstuff elaborated with traditional methods using traditional knowledge, so that artisans could continue keeping their way of life. A new regulation system for these types of products is also considered, pointing out that the consumer should be informed about the product's natural variability due to the its "artisanality" character.

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          Local Development and Heritage: Traditional Food and Cuisine as Tourist Attractions in Rural Areas

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            Embeddedness, the new food economy and defensive localism

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              Outbreak of listeriosis among Mexican immigrants as a result of consumption of illicitly produced Mexican-style cheese.

              In 2000, an outbreak of listeriosis among Hispanic persons was identified in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The objectives of the present study were to identify the source of, strains associated with, and risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes infection for patients affected by the outbreak. Microbiological, case-control, and environmental investigations were conducted. Participants in the case-control study were case patients who became infected with L. monocytogenes between 1 October 2000 and 31 January 2001 and control subjects who were matched with case patients on the basis of ethnicity, sex, age, and pregnancy status. All participants were residents of Winston-Salem. We identified 13 patients, all of whom were Hispanic, including 12 females who were 18-38 years of age. Eleven case patients were pregnant; infection with L. monocytogenes resulted in 5 stillbirths, 3 premature deliveries, and 3 infected newborns. Case patients were more likely than control subjects to have eaten the following foods: fresh, unlabeled, Mexican-style cheese sold by door-to-door vendors (matched odds ratio [MOR], 17.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-152.5); queso fresco, a Mexican-style soft cheese (MOR, 7.3; 95% CI, 1.4-37.5); and hot dogs (MOR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.1-19.4). L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from 10 female case patients, from cheese bought from a door-to-door vendor, from unlabeled cheese from 2 Hispanic markets, and from raw milk from a local dairy had indistinguishable patterns on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This outbreak of listeriosis was caused by noncommercial, fresh, Mexican-style cheese made from contaminated raw milk traced to 1 local dairy. We recommend educating Hispanic women about food safety while they are pregnant, enforcing laws that regulate the sale of raw milk and dairy products made by unlicensed manufacturers, making listeriosis a reportable disease in all states, routinely interviewing case patients, and routinely subtyping clinical L. monocytogenes isolates.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                estsoc
                Estudios sociales (Hermosillo, Son.)
                Estud. soc
                Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico )
                0188-4557
                December 2011
                : 19
                : 38
                : 165-193
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México
                [02] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México
                Article
                S0188-45572011000200007 S0188-4557(11)01903800007
                3de40eb6-69bf-4bd0-8965-dd10b2a2334a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : March 2010
                : November 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 60, Pages: 29
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                artisan made products,traditional foods,standardization,Oaxaca fresh cheese,Mexico,productos alimenticios artesanales,alimentos tradicionales,estandarización,queso Oaxaca,México

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