Autologous platelet concentrates in root coverage procedures

Abstract

Gingival recessions are vastly prevalent among the general population. With regards to their treatment, recent advancements in periodontal and microsurgical procedures, focusing on minimal invasiveness and patient‐centered therapies, have propelled a shift in their contemporary treatment, highlighting the field of biologics and bioactive mediators. Among different classes and types of biologics, autologous platelet concentrates (APCs), also referred to as autologous blood‐derived products, are commonly used and preferred among many clinicians. These are essentially obtained via venipuncture (intravenous access) followed by centrifugation, for which numerous protocols and preparation methods have been used, leading to varieties of blood‐derived products. In this review, via a systematic search, we explored the efficacy of the different utilized preparation methods and centrifugation protocols of APCs (e.g., platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF), leucocyte‐PRF, advanced‐PRF, concentrated growth factor (CGF), etc.) for the treatment of type 1 gingival recessions (RT1, without interproximal attachment loss or noticeable tooth displacement), as well as their effectiveness relative to a common control (treatment with flap advancement alone without any additional material). Based on the available literature from randomized trials found in our systematic search, we observed that utilization of PRF can significantly enhance treatment outcomes when performing a coronally advanced flap, in terms of the amount of root coverage. The improvement in root coverage was further enhanced in the presence of baseline keratinized tissue width, and with an increasing relative magnitude (the more the baseline keratinized tissue width, the better the root coverage outcomes when using PRF). The efficacy of these products needs to be further explored with different graft substitutes and matrices, as well as relative to other commonly applied biologics, through well‐conducted and adequately‐powered randomized clinical trials.