Voluntary exercise could reduce sperm malformations by improving hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonadal axis and kisspeptin/leptin signaling in type 2 diabetic rats

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Abstract

Objective(s):

Most male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experience infertility. It is well established that regular physical activity could alleviate diabetic infertility symptoms. This study was designed to determine the effect of voluntary exercise on sperm malformation.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (C), diabetic (D), voluntary exercise (Ex), and diabetic-voluntary exercise (D-Ex) groups. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) followed by a high-fat diet for four weeks. Voluntary exercise was performed by placing the animals in the rotary wheel cages for ten weeks. Sperm malformations were analyzed. Moreover, the hypothalamic leptin, kisspeptin, kisspeptin receptors (KissR), as well as plasma LH, FSH, testosterone, and leptin levels were evaluated.

Results:

Results showed that induction of T2DM caused increased sperm malformation, plasma, and hypothalamic leptin as well as decreased hypothalamic kisspeptin, KissR, and plasma LH levels compared with the C group ( P<0.001 to P<0.01). Voluntary exercise in the Ex group increased hypothalamic KissR, plasma FSH, LH, and testosterone levels compared with the C group; however, it decreased sperm malformation and hypothalamic leptin levels ( P<0.001 to P<0.05). Voluntary exercise in the D-Ex group reduced sperm malformation, hypothalamic leptin, and plasma testosterone while elevated hypothalamic kisspeptin and KissR protein levels compared with the D group ( P<0.001 to P<0.01).

Conclusion:

The results illustrated voluntary exercise reduces sperm malformations by improving the HHG axis and kisspeptin/leptin signaling in rats with T2DM.

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Most cited references 59

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Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.

Sarah E Wild, Gojka Roglic, Anders Green … (2004)

The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and the number of people of all ages with diabetes for years 2000 and 2030. Data on diabetes prevalence by age and sex from a limited number of countries were extrapolated to all 191 World Health Organization member states and applied to United Nations' population estimates for 2000 and 2030. Urban and rural populations were considered separately for developing countries. The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in men than women, but there are more women with diabetes than men. The urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030. The most important demographic change to diabetes prevalence across the world appears to be the increase in the proportion of people >65 years of age. These findings indicate that the "diabetes epidemic" will continue even if levels of obesity remain constant. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, it is likely that these figures provide an underestimate of future diabetes prevalence.

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A unique view on male infertility around the globe

Ashok Agarwal, Aditi Mulgund, Alaa Hamada … (2015)

Background Infertility affects an estimated 15% of couples globally, amounting to 48.5 million couples. Males are found to be solely responsible for 20-30% of infertility cases and contribute to 50% of cases overall. However, this number does not accurately represent all regions of the world. Indeed, on a global level, there is a lack of accurate statistics on rates of male infertility. Our report examines major regions of the world and reports rates of male infertility based on data on female infertility. Methods Our search consisted of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and population-based studies by searching the terms “epidemiology, male infertility, and prevalence.” We identified 16 articles for detailed study. We typically used the assumption that 50% of all cases of infertility are due to female factors alone, 20-30% are due to male factors alone, and the remaining 20-30% are due to a combination of male and female factors. Therefore, in regions of the world where male factor or rates of male infertility were not reported, we used this assumption to calculate general rates of male factor infertility. Results Our calculated data showed that the distribution of infertility due to male factor ranged from 20% to 70% and that the percentage of infertile men ranged from 2·5% to 12%. Infertility rates were highest in Africa and Central/Eastern Europe. Additionally, according to a variety of sources, rates of male infertility in North America, Australia, and Central and Eastern Europe varied from 4 5-6%, 9%, and 8-12%, respectively. Conclusion This study demonstrates a novel and unique way to calculate the distribution of male infertility around the world. According to our results, at least 30 million men worldwide are infertile with the highest rates in Africa and Eastern Europe. Results indicate further research is needed regarding etiology and treatment, reduce stigma & cultural barriers, and establish a more precise calculation.

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Infertility and the provision of infertility medical services in developing countries

Willem Ombelet, Ian Cooke, Silke Dyer … (2008)

BACKGROUND Worldwide more than 70 million couples suffer from infertility, the majority being residents of developing countries. Negative consequences of childlessness are experienced to a greater degree in developing countries when compared with Western societies. Bilateral tubal occlusion due to sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy-related infections is the most common cause of infertility in developing countries, a condition that is potentially treatable with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). New reproductive technologies are either unavailable or very costly in developing countries. This review provides a comprehensive survey of all important papers on the issue of infertility in developing countries. METHODS Medline, PubMed, Excerpta Medica and EMBASE searches identified relevant papers published between 1978 and 2007 and the keywords used were the combinations of ‘affordable, assisted reproduction, ART, developing countries, health services, infertility, IVF, simplified methods, traditional health care'. RESULTS The exact prevalence of infertility in developing countries is unknown due to a lack of registration and well-performed studies. On the other hand, the implementation of appropriate infertility treatment is currently not a main goal for most international non-profit organizations. Keystones in the successful implementation of infertility care in low-resource settings include simplification of diagnostic and ART procedures, minimizing the complication rate of interventions, providing training-courses for health-care workers and incorporating infertility treatment into sexual and reproductive health-care programmes. CONCLUSIONS Although recognizing the importance of education and prevention, we believe that for the reasons of social justice, infertility treatment in developing countries requires greater attention at National and International levels.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Basic Med Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Basic Med Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJBMS

Title: Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences

Publisher: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Mashhad, Iran )

ISSN (Print): 2008-3866

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-3874

Publication date (Print): December 2021

Volume: 24

Issue: 12

Pages: 1624-1631

Affiliations

[1 ]Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

[2 ]Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

[3 ]Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

[4 ]Medical Education Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

[5 ]Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

[6 ]Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding authors: Rana Keyhanmanesh and Rafighe Ghiasi. Department of physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-33364664; Email: rkeyhanmanesh@gmail.com; Email: raghiasi2@gmail.com

Article

DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2021.58740.13048

PMC ID: 8976912

PubMed ID: 35432804

SO-VID: 3db8b7ce-7399-4f9a-96fc-e42d65db39df

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Voluntary exercise could reduce sperm malformations by improving hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonadal axis and kisspeptin/leptin signaling in type 2 diabetic rats

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Abstract

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Materials and Methods:

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Conclusion:

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International Journal of Applied Technology in Medical Sciences

Most cited references 59

Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.

A unique view on male infertility around the globe

Infertility and the provision of infertility medical services in developing countries

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