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      Diversidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apidae) ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal na Mata Atlântica Translated title: Diversity of bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) along a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Forest

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          Abstract

          A Mata Atlântica é um dos ambientes mais ricos e ameaçados do mundo, o que deveria ter estimulado em muito o estudo e a conservação do Bioma, mas a fauna de Hymenoptera permanece ainda relativamente pouco conhecida. Em especial, a fauna de abelhas da floresta ombrófila densa é pouco estudada em comparação à fauna das áreas abertas brasileiras. O projeto temático "Biodiversidade de Hymenoptera e Isoptera: riqueza e diversidade ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal na Mata Atlântica - a floresta úmida do leste do Brasil", integrante do Programa Biota-Fapesp, foi idealizado com o objetivo de catalogar térmitas, formigas e famílias selecionadas de vespas ao longo da Mata Atlântica, disponibilizando dados que permitam melhor embasar a conservação deste bioma. O protocolo de amostragem aplicada para a coleta de himenópteros (excluindo as formigas) empregou armadilhas Malaise, pratos-armadilha de cor amarela e esforço similar na varredura de vegetação ao longo de 17 localidades selecionadas, representando um gradiente de quase 20° de latitude na Mata Atlântica, dos Estados da Paraíba até Santa Catarina. Este protocolo foi definido para otimizar a coleta de vespas, sendo as abelhas um produto secundário da amostragem (levantamentos de abelhas em geral utilizam captura em flores ao longo das estações do ano). No entanto, devido à escala regional do projeto e ao grande esforço de amostragem, uma expressiva quantidade de abelhas foi coletada durante o projeto, incluindo novos registros de abelhas para a Mata Atlântica. Foi amostrado um total de 797 espécimes distribuídos em 105 espécies de abelhas; o grupo de abelhas mais rico e abundante foi Meliponina. Uma análise de correspondência "destendenciada" ('detrended correspondence analysis') aplicada à uma matriz de presença ou ausência de Meliponina revela a relativamente fraca influência do gradiente latitudinal na composição das assembléias de abelhas de Mata Atlântica. Uma listagem das espécies amostradas por localidade, com suas freqüências relativas, é apresentada e discutida.

          Translated abstract

          The Atlantic Forest is one of the most rich and endangered natural environments in the world. It is expected then that this situation would have encouraged the study and conservation of this biome; the Atlantic forest Hymenoptera fauna, however, remains virtually unknown. The bee fauna, for instance, is less studied than that of the Brazilian open areas. The overall ignorance on most of the Atlantic Forest insect faunas based the elaboration of the project "Biodiversity of Hymenoptera and Isoptera: richness and diversity along a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Forest - the humid eastern forest of Brazil", within the Biota-Fapesp Program, that aimed to catalog the termites, ants and several wasp families along the Atlantic forest and to publish data that could contribute to the biome conservation. Similar sampling protocols were applied for wasp surveys: the same number of Malaise and pan traps and similar effort on vegetation swapping, along 17 selected localities, representing a gradient of almost 20° of latitude in evergreen pristine Atlantic Forest, from Paraíba to Santa Catarina Brazilian states. These protocols were defined to optimize the collecting of wasps; bees represented a 'secondary product' of the sampling protocol. A sum of 797 specimens representing 105 bee species was sampled; the richest and more abundant bee taxon was the Meliponina. Unfortunately the applied sampling method does not afford comparisons among Atlantic Forest bee assemblages with those of other biomes. The detrended correspondence analysis using only the relative frequencies of Meliponina species revealed a weak correspondence of the stingless bee assemblages' composition with the latitudinal gradient. Despite that, the sampled taxa are possibly restricted to the Atlantic forest and additional data on their distribution deserves to be published. A complete checklist of the sampled bees, their relative frequencies, and the localities where they were recorded is presented and discussed.

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          Most cited references29

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          Global patterns in biodiversity.

          K Gaston (2000)
          To a first approximation, the distribution of biodiversity across the Earth can be described in terms of a relatively small number of broad-scale spatial patterns. Although these patterns are increasingly well documented, understanding why they exist constitutes one of the most significant intellectual challenges to ecologists and biogeographers. Theory is, however, developing rapidly, improving in its internal consistency, and more readily subjected to empirical challenge.
            Bookmark
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            Latitudinal Gradients of Biodiversity: Pattern, Process, Scale, and Synthesis

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              A Comparison of Pan Trap and Intensive Net Sampling Techniques for Documenting a Bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) Fauna

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bn
                Biota Neotropica
                Biota Neotrop.
                Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP (Campinas, , Brazil )
                1676-0611
                December 2008
                : 8
                : 4
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Museu de Zoologia Brasil crfbrand@ 123456usp.br
                Article
                S1676-06032008000400004 S1676-0603(08)00800404
                10.1590/S1676-06032008000400004
                3d6f49ae-06ab-4318-9b3c-a76adcd79466

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 October 2008
                : 23 October 2008
                : 15 June 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                Apoidea,surveys,Neotropical,bee assemblages,Neotrópico,levantamentos,assembléias de abelhas

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