A experiência materna em uma unidade de hemodiálise pediátrica

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Abstract

Introdução: A necessidade de hemodiálise exerce um profundo impacto nas vidas das crianças e adolescentes com insuficiência renal crônica em estágio final e de suas mães, uma vez que, predominantemente, assumem o cuidado concernente ao tratamento. O tratamento hemodialítico exige que a mãe acompanhe o filho durante as sessões pelo menos três vezes por semana e, por não ser uma prática curativa, vivencia a espera de um transplante renal com diferentes significados atribuídos. Objetivo: Compreender como as mães significam a experiência de acompanhar o filho em uma Unidade de Hemodiálise Infantil e construir um modelo teórico representativo dessa experiência. Métodos: O Interacionismo Simbólico foi adotado como referencial teórico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados como referencial metodológico. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com 11 mães. Resultados: A análise comparativa dos dados possibilitou identificar dois fenômenos que compõem a experiência: “Vendo a vida do filho sugada pela máquina”, que expressa as experiências vivenciadas pela mãe que são geradoras de demandas para compreender a nova condição da criança e do adolescente, e “Dando um novo significado à máquina de hemodiálise”, que representa as estratégias empreendidas para suportar a experiência. A articulação desses fenômenos permitiu identificar a categoria central: “Tendo a vida aprisionada por uma máquina”, a partir do qual se propõe um novo modelo teórico. Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo fornecem subsídios teóricos para um planejamento de assistência que atenda às reais necessidades das mães, identificando aspectos que requeiram intervenção.

Translated abstract

Introduction: The need for hemodialysis exerts a deep impact on the lives of children and adolescents with end-stage kidney chronic failure and their mothers, who predominantly assume the care related to treatment. The hemodialysis requires that the mother accompanies the child during sessions at least three times a week and, since it is not a healing practice, they also experience the waiting for a kidney transplant, attributing different meanings to this experience. Objective: To understand what it means for the mothers to accompany the child in a Pediatric Hemodialysis Unit and to construct a theoretical model representing this experience. Methods: The Symbolic Interactionism was adopted as a theoretical model and the Grounded Theory as a methodological framework. Data were collected through interviews with 11 mothers. Results: The comparative analysis of the data enabled the identification of two phenomena that compose the experience: “Seeing the child´s life being sucked by the hemodialysis machine” expresses the experiences of the mothers that generates new demands to comprehend the new health conditions of their children and “Giving new meaning to the dependence of the hemodialysis machine” that represents the strategies employed to endure the experience. The relationship of these phenomena allowed the identification of the main category: “Having the mother's life imprisoned by the hemodialysis machine”, from which we propose a new theoretical model. Conclusion: The results of the study allow us to provide a theoretical ground for planning an assistance that meets the real needs of the mothers, identifying aspects that require intervention.

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The Discovery of Grounded Theory

Barney G. Glaser, Anselm L. Strauss (1967)

Most writing on sociological method has been concerned with how accurate facts can be obtained and how theory can thereby be more rigorously tested. In The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss address the equally Important enterprise of how the discovery of theory from data--systematically obtained and analyzed in social research--can be furthered. The discovery of theory from data--grounded theory--is a major task confronting sociology, for such a theory fits empirical situations, and is understandable to sociologists and laymen alike. Most important, it provides relevant predictions, explanations, interpretations, and applications.In Part I of the book, Generation Theory by Comparative Analysis, the authors present a strategy whereby sociologists can facilitate the discovery of grounded theory, both substantive and formal. This strategy involves the systematic choice and study of several comparison groups. In Part II, The Flexible Use of Data, the generation of theory from qualitative, especially documentary, and quantitative data Is considered. In Part III, Implications of Grounded Theory, Glaser and Strauss examine the credibility of grounded theory.The Discovery of Grounded Theory is directed toward improving social scientists' capacity for generating theory that will be relevant to their research. While aimed primarily at sociologists, it will be useful to anyone Interested In studying social phenomena--political, educational, economic, industrial-- especially If their studies are based on qualitative data.