Population dynamics of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic areas of Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka. – ScienceOpen
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      Population dynamics of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic areas of Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka.

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          Abstract

          Sand flies are the primary vectors of leishmaniasis. Disease management with effective vector control depends on the knowledge of vector population dynamics. In Sri Lanka, despite few isolated entomological collections, long-term studies are not reported to date. In the reported study, monthly entomological surveillance was conducted from May 2017 to December 2018 in Polpithigama, Maho, and Galgamuwa Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas using standard entomological techniques. Climatic data were collected from the Department of Meteorology, Sri Lanka. Patient records were collected from each MOH office. A total of 38,339 sand flies were collected. The majority were Phlebotomus argentipes (99.50%, n = 38,147), while the rest was Sergentomyia punjabensis (0.50%, n = 192). Wind speed reduces sand fly abundance (r = -0.519, P < 0.05) evidently by limiting the movement. Rainfall increases sand fly abundance (r = 0.842, P <0.05, lag = 6 months) probably by improving favorable conditions in breeding sites. The actual effect of humidity is not conclusive without further research. The observed higher prevalence of leishmaniasis in the study sites could be due to the higher sand fly density in these areas. The number of patients shows a strong positive correlation (r = 0.516, P <0.05) to the sand fly abundance with a lag of 7 months. Systematic surveillance of sand flies as a part of general healthcare services is strongly recommended to identify and prevent possible outbreaks through timely planned vector control measures.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Acta Trop
          Acta tropica
          Elsevier BV
          1873-6254
          0001-706X
          Jun 2022
          : 230
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
          [2 ] Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka. Electronic address: n.gunathilaka@kln.ac.lk.
          [3 ] Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
          Article
          S0001-706X(22)00104-8
          10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106406
          35296392
          3d6acc84-6932-43a8-aba4-a341fada985b
          History

          Vector,Diptera,Ecology,Leishmaniasis,Phlebotomus,Population size,Rainfall,Sand flies,Sergentomyia,Sri Lanka,Temperature

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