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      Association of Dietary Intake of Polyphenols with an Adequate Nutritional Profile in Postpartum Women from Argentina

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          Abstract

          HJ-Biplot analysis is a multivariate graphic representation that collects data covariation structure between variables and individuals to represent them in a low-dimensional space with the highest quality in the same reference system. Consequently, it is a promising technique for evaluating dietary exposure to polyphenols and accurately characterizing female nutrition. Herein, we hypothesized that polyphenol intake defines specific clusters with dietary impacts, which can be assessed using HJ-Biplot, based on a cross-sectional study in Argentina. The study included 275 healthy postpartum women who provided information about their food frequency intake and other conditions, which were then used to evaluate polyphenolic intake using the Phenol-Explorer database. Outcomes were established using HJ-Biplot for clustering and ANOVA to compare their impact on diet quality indicators. Two HJ-Biplot models were run (for intakes >20 mg/d and 5∼20 mg/d, respectively) to identify three clusters per model with excellent statistical fitness to explain the data. Thus, specific polyphenolic clusters with potentially bioactive and safe compounds were defined despite significant interindividual variability. In fact, women with the lowest polyphenolic intake exhibited worse dietary quality, body fat, and physical activity. As a result, HJ-Biplot proved to be an effective technique for clustering women based on their dietary intake of these compounds. Furthermore, cluster membership improved the intake of antioxidants, water, fiber, and healthy fats. Additionally, women with formal jobs and a higher educational level showed a better diet. Dietary polyphenols are critical during postpartum because they exert beneficial effects on women and breastfed infants.

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          The influence of drug-like concepts on decision-making in medicinal chemistry.

          The application of guidelines linked to the concept of drug-likeness, such as the 'rule of five', has gained wide acceptance as an approach to reduce attrition in drug discovery and development. However, despite this acceptance, analysis of recent trends reveals that the physical properties of molecules that are currently being synthesized in leading drug discovery companies differ significantly from those of recently discovered oral drugs and compounds in clinical development. The consequences of the marked increase in lipophilicity--the most important drug-like physical property--include a greater likelihood of lack of selectivity and attrition in drug development. Tackling the threat of compound-related toxicological attrition needs to move to the mainstream of medicinal chemistry decision-making.
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            A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties.

            Quercetin is a naturally-occurring flavonol (a member of the flavonoid family of compounds) that has a long history of consumption as part of the normal human diet. Because a number of biological properties of quercetin may be beneficial to human health, interest in the addition of this flavonol to various traditional food products has been increasing. Prior to the use of quercetin in food applications that would increase intake beyond that from naturally-occurring levels of the flavonol in the typical Western diet, its safety needs to be established or confirmed. This review provides a critical examination of the scientific literature associated with the safety of quercetin. Results of numerous genotoxicity and mutagenicity, short- and long-term animal, and human studies are reviewed in the context of quercetin exposure in vivo. To reconcile results of in vitro studies, which consistently demonstrated quercetin-related mutagenicity to the absence of carcinogenicity in vivo, the mechanisms that lead to the apparent in vitro mutagenicity, and those that ensure absence of quercetin toxicity in vivo are discussed. The weight of the available evidence supports the safety of quercetin for addition to food.
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              Phenol-Explorer 3.0: a major update of the Phenol-Explorer database to incorporate data on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content

              Polyphenols are a major class of bioactive phytochemicals whose consumption may play a role in the prevention of a number of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes and cancers. Phenol-Explorer, launched in 2009, is the only freely available web-based database on the content of polyphenols in food and their in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Here we report the third release of the database (Phenol-Explorer 3.0), which adds data on the effects of food processing on polyphenol contents in foods. Data on >100 foods, covering 161 polyphenols or groups of polyphenols before and after processing, were collected from 129 peer-reviewed publications and entered into new tables linked to the existing relational design. The effect of processing on polyphenol content is expressed in the form of retention factor coefficients, or the proportion of a given polyphenol retained after processing, adjusted for change in water content. The result is the first database on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content and, following the model initially defined for Phenol-Explorer, all data may be traced back to original sources. The new update will allow polyphenol scientists to more accurately estimate polyphenol exposure from dietary surveys. Database URL: http://www.phenol-explorer.eu
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Prev Nutr Food Sci
                Prev Nutr Food Sci
                Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
                The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
                2287-1098
                2287-8602
                31 March 2022
                31 March 2022
                31 March 2022
                : 27
                : 1
                : 20-36
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba 506, Argentina
                [2 ]National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Córdoba 5014, Argentina
                [3 ]Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 7007, Spain
                [4 ]Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
                Author notes
                Correspondence to Elio Andrés Soria, E-mail: easoria@ 123456fcm.unc.edu.ar

                Author information: Agustín Ramiro Miranda (Researcher), Ana Veronica Scotta (Researcher), Mariela Valentina Cortez (Professor), Nerea González-García (Professor), María Purificación Galindo-Villardón (Professor), Elio Andrés Soria (Professor)

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-606X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2269-582X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3124-2240
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2814-2807
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6977-7545
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-2493
                Article
                pnfs-27-1-20
                10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.20
                9007708
                35465116
                3d6446c8-900a-46ac-ac42-f6978ece5751
                Copyright © 2022 by The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. All rights Reserved.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 6 September 2021
                : 15 December 2021
                : 25 January 2022
                Categories
                Original

                biostatistics,hj-biplot,nutrition assessment,polyphenols,postnatal care

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