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      PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF COWPEA UNDER WATER STRESS AND REWATERING IN NO-TILLAGE AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE SYSTEMS Translated title: RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI SOB ESTRESSE HÍDRICO E REIDRATAÇÃO EM PLANTIO DIRETO E CONVENCIONAL

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          ABSTRACT The goal of this work was to evaluate the physiological responses of cowpea under water stress and rehydration in conventional and no-tillage systems. We evaluated two crop systems (conventional and no tillage) and three water conditions (no stress, moderate stress and severe stress). The following were determined: leaf area, total dry matter, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, internal CO2 concentration and leaf water potential. Water stress affected all variables evaluated, with the exception of leaf water potential. Cowpea recovered with respect to all variables after rehydration at both stress levels. Stomatal closure is an important drought tolerance mechanism, and cowpea can be considered a conservative species (i.e., one that prioritizes water status maintenance rather than photosynthetic rate). Planting systems did not affect photosynthetic rate. The tillage system promoted greater accumulation of biomass and higher leaf area.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as respostas fisiológicas em feijão-caupi sob efeito de estresse hídrico e reidratação nos sistemas de plantio direto (PD) e convencional (PC). Foram avaliados dois sistemas de plantio (direto e convencional) e três condições hídricas (sem estresse, estresse moderado e estresse severo). Foram determinados: área foliar, matéria seca total, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e potencial hídrico foliar. O estresse hídrico afetou todas as variáveis avaliadas, com exceção do potencial hídrico foliar. Houve recuperação de todas as variáveis após reidratação em ambos níveis de estresse. O fechamento estomático é um importante mecanismo de tolerância à seca, sendo que o feijão-caupi pode ser considerado uma espécie conservadora, i.e. que prioriza a manutenção do status hídrico em detrimento da produção fotossintética. Os sistemas de plantio não afetaram as taxas fotossintéticas. O sistema de plantio direto promove maior acúmulo de biomassa e maior área foliar.

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          Photosynthetic changes and protective mechanisms against oxidative damage subjected to isolated and combined drought and heat stresses in Jatropha curcas plants.

          Photosynthetic changes and protective mechanisms against oxidative damage were evaluated in Jatropha curcas leaves subjected to drought and heat stresses, both individually and combined, in order to elucidate the synergistic and antagonistic mechanisms involved with these abiotic factors. Both the drought and heat stresses caused significant damage to the leaf membrane integrity and lipid peroxidation, and the combination of these stresses greatly enhanced these physiological disturbances. The leaf CO(2) assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (P(N)/C(I)) were significantly decreased in all plants subjected to stressful conditions in comparison to unstressed plants (reference). In contrast, a reduction in photochemical activity was observed only in plants exposed to drought and drought+heat conditions. Catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were stimulated only under heat stress, whereas APX activity was increased in all treated plants in comparison to the references. Moreover, the leaf H(2)O(2) content was increased similarly under all studied stresses. However, the balance of reduced and oxidized ascorbate did not show significant differences between reference and stressed plants. Although J. curcas plants acclimated to the studied stresses, they did not present an efficient mechanism for protection against drought-induced oxidative stress, especially when at high temperatures. However, heat-treated plants triggered an efficient enzymatic antioxidant system of reactive oxygen species scavenging and an effective protection against photochemical damages. The combination of drought and heat most significantly impaired the photosynthetic assimilation of CO(2) and the photochemical activity. These results indicate that drought greatly disturbs photosystem II activity and oxidative metabolism and that these negative effects are strongly stimulated by heat stress. The data also evidence that the combination of heat and drought triggers an intricate response involving antagonistic and synergistic interactions. Published by Elsevier GmbH.
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            Understanding down-regulation of photosynthesis under water stress: future prospects and searching for physiological tools for irrigation management

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              DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E OS PROCESSOS MORFOLÓGICO E FISIOLÓGICO DAS PLANTAS

              RESUMO Esta breve revisão de literatura tem como objetivo abordar alguns aspectos dos fatores morfológicos e fisiológicos que, direta ou indiretamente, influenciam na habilidade das plantas em adaptar-se a diferentes condições de déficit hídrico durante seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. A sensibilidade do desenvolvimento das folhas ao déficit hídrico pode mudar no transcorrer do dia ou nas diferentes estações do ano, porém a limitação de expansão na área foliar pode ser considerada como uma primeira reação das plantas a esse déficit. Plantas cultivadas sob condições adequadas de suprimento hídrico são, normalmente, menos resistentes ao déficit hídrico e, quando da ocorrência rápida do déficit hídrico, os mecanismos morfofisiológicos são severamente afetados, pois a planta necessitaria adaptar-se rapidamente a esta situação de déficit; entretanto, quando o déficit hídrico ocorre gradualmente e/ou no início do ciclo, mais facilmente ocorre a adaptação das plantas. A tolerância da planta ao déficit hídrico parece ser um importante mecanismo de resistência para manter o processo produtivo em condições de baixa disponibilidade de água às plantas. "Por isso, a importância de se abordar alguns aspectos dos fatores morfológicos e fisiológicos que influenciam a habilidade das plantas na adaptação a situações de déficit hídrico."
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcaat
                Revista Caatinga
                Rev. Caatinga
                Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Mossoró, RN, Brazil )
                0100-316X
                1983-2125
                September 2017
                : 30
                : 3
                : 559-567
                Affiliations
                [2] Valença Bahia orgnameInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano Brazil romulomagno_23@ 123456hotmail.com
                [3] Mossoró Rio Grande do Norte orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido orgdiv1Agrarian Sciences Center Brazil jerfersonufersa.edu.br, narjarawalessayahoo.com.br, rivanildo.ufersa@ 123456gmail.com
                [4] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Department of crop science Brazil fclaudiof@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Article
                S1983-21252017000300559
                10.1590/1983-21252017v30n303rc
                3d5762e6-c4b9-467f-a26a-428bb40a8865

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 July 2015
                : 19 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Área foliar,Fotossíntese,Condutância estomática,Vigna unguiculata,Potencial hídrico.,Leaf area,Photosynthesis,Stomatal conductance,Water potential.

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