Performance validity testing in neuropsychology: a clinical guide, critical review, and update on a rapidly evolving literature

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Abstract

<p class="first" id="d4392424e71">Over the past two decades, there has been much research on measures of response bias and myriad measures have been validated in a variety of clinical and research samples. This critical review aims to guide clinicians through the use of performance validity tests (PVTs) from test selection and administration through test interpretation and feedback. </p>

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American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Consensus Conference Statement on the Neuropsychological Assessment of Effort, Response Bias, and Malingering

Glenn J Larrabee, Robert L Heilbronner, Scott R Millis … (2009)

During the past two decades clinical and research efforts have led to increasingly sophisticated and effective methods and instruments designed to detect exaggeration or fabrication of neuropsychological dysfunction, as well as somatic and psychological symptom complaints. A vast literature based on relevant research has emerged and substantial portions of professional meetings attended by clinical neuropsychologists have addressed topics related to malingering (Sweet, King, Malina, Bergman, & Simmons, 2002). Yet, despite these extensive activities, understanding the need for methods of detecting problematic effort and response bias and addressing the presence or absence of malingering has proven challenging for practitioners. A consensus conference, comprised of national and international experts in clinical neuropsychology, was held at the 2008 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) for the purposes of refinement of critical issues in this area. This consensus statement documents the current state of knowledge and recommendations of expert clinical neuropsychologists and is intended to assist clinicians and researchers with regard to the neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering.

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Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: proposed standards for clinical practice and research.

D J Slick, E M Sherman, G L Iverson (1999)

Over the past 10 years, widespread and concerted research efforts have led to increasingly sophisticated and efficient methods and instruments for detecting exaggeration or fabrication of cognitive dysfunction. Despite these psychometric advances, the process of diagnosing malingering remains difficult and largely idiosyncratic. This article presents a proposed set of diagnostic criteria that define psychometric, behavioral, and collateral data indicative of possible, probable, and definite malingering of cognitive dysfunction, for use in clinical practice and for defining populations for clinical research. Relevant literature is reviewed, and limitations and benefits of the proposed criteria are discussed.

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Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury.

G Iverson (2005)

The focus of this review is outcome from mild traumatic brain injury. Recent literature relating to pathophysiology, neuropsychological outcome, and the persistent postconcussion syndrome will be integrated into the existing literature. The MTBI literature is enormous, complex, methodologically flawed, and controversial. There have been dozens of studies relating to pathophysiology, neuropsychological outcome, and the postconcussion syndrome during the past year. Two major reviews have been published. Some of the most interesting prospective research has been done with athletes. The cognitive and neurobehavioral sequelae are self-limiting and reasonably predictable. Mild traumatic brain injuries are characterized by immediate physiological changes conceptualized as a multilayered neurometabolic cascade in which affected cells typically recover, although under certain circumstances a small number might degenerate and die. The primary pathophysiologies include ionic shifts, abnormal energy metabolism, diminished cerebral blood flow, and impaired neurotransmission. During the first week after injury the brain undergoes a dynamic restorative process. Athletes typically return to pre-injury functioning (assessed using symptom ratings or brief neuropsychological measures) within 2-14 days. Trauma patients usually take longer to return to their pre-injury functioning. In these patients recovery can be incomplete and can be complicated by preexisting psychiatric or substance abuse problems, poor general health, concurrent orthopedic injuries, or comorbid problems (e.g. chronic pain, depression, substance abuse, life stress, unemployment, and protracted litigation).

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: The Clinical Neuropsychologist

Abbreviated Title: The Clinical Neuropsychologist

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

ISSN (Print): 1385-4046

ISSN (Electronic): 1744-4144

Publication date Created: April 03 2018

Publication date (Electronic): November 28 2017

Publication date (Print): April 03 2018

Volume: 32

Issue: 3

Pages: 391-421

Affiliations

[1 ] Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA

[2 ] Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA

[3 ] National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA

Article

DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1406146

PubMed ID: 29182444

SO-VID: 3d3a1344-aa06-4d5d-b1db-fb2e8ede2ac7

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Performance validity testing in neuropsychology: a clinical guide, critical review, and update on a rapidly evolving literature

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Most cited references 162

American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Consensus Conference Statement on the Neuropsychological Assessment of Effort, Response Bias, and Malingering

Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: proposed standards for clinical practice and research.

Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury.

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