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      Algunos helmintos parásitos de la gaviota peruana (Larus belcheri) Translated title: Some parasitic helminths of the Belcher's gull (Larus belcheri)

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          Abstract

          La información sobre helmintos parásitos de aves marinas es muy limitada en el Perú. En el presente trabajo, se identificaron helmintos colectados de la gaviota peruana (Larus belcheri) provenientes de algunas playas de Lima (Pucusana, Chorrillos, Ventanilla y Ancón) en Perú. Los helmintos fueron estudiados morfológicamente e identificados como Skrjabinoclava sp. (Nematoda), Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda), Maritrema sp. (Trematoda) y Profilicollis altmani (Acanthocephala). El presente trabajo corresponde a los primeros registros de estos parásitos en la gaviota peruana.

          Translated abstract

          Information on parasitic helminths of seabirds is very limited in Peru. In the present work, helminths collected from the Belcher's gull (Larus belcheri) from some beaches of Lima (Pucusana, Chorrillos, Ventanilla and Ancón) in Peru were identified. The helminths were studied morphologically and identified as Skrjabinoclava sp. (Nematoda), Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda), Maritrema sp. (Trematoda) and Profilicollis altmani (Acanthocephala). The present work corresponds to the first records of these parasites in the Peruvian gull.

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          Classification of the acanthocephala.

          O Amin (2013)
          In 1985, Amin presented a new system for the classification of the Acanthocephala in Crompton and Nickol's (1985) book 'Biology of the Acanthocephala' and recognized the concepts of Meyer (1931, 1932, 1933) and Van Cleave (1936, 1941, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1952). This system became the standard for the taxonomy of this group and remains so to date. Many changes have taken place and many new genera and species, as well as higher taxa, have been described since. An updated version of the 1985 scheme incorporating new concepts in molecular taxonomy, gene sequencing and phylogenetic studies is presented. The hierarchy has undergone a total face lift with Amin's (1987) addition of a new class, Polyacanthocephala (and a new order and family) to remove inconsistencies in the class Palaeacanthocephala. Amin and Ha (2008) added a third order (and a new family) to the Palaeacanthocephala, Heteramorphida, which combines features from the palaeacanthocephalan families Polymorphidae and Heteracanthocephalidae. Other families and subfamilies have been added but some have been eliminated, e.g. the three subfamilies of Arythmacanthidae: Arhythmacanthinae Yamaguti, 1935; Neoacanthocephaloidinae Golvan, 1960; and Paracanthocephaloidinae Golvan, 1969. Amin (1985) listed 22 families, 122 genera and 903 species (4, 4 and 14 families; 13, 28 and 81 genera; 167, 167 and 569 species in Archiacanthocephala, Eoacanthocephala and Palaeacanthocephala, respectively). The number of taxa listed in the present treatment is 26 families (18% increase), 157 genera (29%), and 1298 species (44%) (4, 4 and 16; 18, 29 and 106; 189, 255 and 845, in the same order), which also includes 1 family, 1 genus and 4 species in the class Polyacanthocephala Amin, 1987, and 3 genera and 5 species in the fossil family Zhijinitidae.
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            Contracaecum pyripapillatum n. sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) and a description of C. multipapillatum (von Drasche, 1882) from the Australian pelican, Pelecanus conspicillatus.

            Shokoofeh Shamsi, Robin Gasser, Ian Beveridge … (2008)
            A new species of nematode, Contracaecum pyripapillatum, is reported from the Australian pelican, Pelecanus conspicillatus. This species resembles Contracaecum multipapillatum which was found in the same host. These two species can be differentiated from one another based on the shape of the preanal papillae, being pyriform in C. pyripapillatum and circular in C. multipapillatum. Genetically, the two species differ in the sequences of first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). C. pyripapillatum and C. multipapillatum differed in the ITS-1 (443 bp in both species) and ITS-2 (between 231 and 233 bp) sequences by 3.4-3.8% and 6.0%, respectively. Based on previous allozyme and mtDNA datasets, genotypes of C. multipapillatum A, B, and C have been reported from Europe and USA. Therefore, C. multipapillatum from Australia has been designated as C. multipapillatum D. A morphological examination of these genotypes is necessary to determine whether they represent distinct species.
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              Two new species of Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912 (Nematoda: Anisakidae), C. fagerholmi n. sp. and C. rudolphii F from the brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis in the northern Gulf of Mexico.

              S D'Amelio, S Cavallero, N Dronen … (2012)
              DNA sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and mitochondrial rrnS and cox2 genes, and analysis of polymorphisms in restriction profiles in the ITS and rrnS, were used to characterise anisakid nematodes belonging to Contracaecum Railliet & Henry, 1912 infecting the brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis (L.) in Galveston Bay, Texas and Sarasota Bay, Florida. Molecular data led to the detection of two new species: Contracaecum fagerholmi n. sp., which was also supported by clear morphological evidence, and Contracaecum rudolphii F, a new cryptic species within the Contracaecum rudolphii Hartwich, 1964 complex. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that C. fagerholmi and C. rudolphii F form two well-separated clusters, with C. fagerholmi being closely related to Contracaecum bioccai Mattiucci et al., 2008 and C. rudolphii F being included in the C. rudolphii complex. C. fagerholmi can be readily differentiated morphologically from all of its congeners, other than C. microcephalum (Rudolphii 1809) and the five currently recognised members of the C. rudolphii complex (C. rudolphii A, B, C, D and E). C. fagerholmi differs from C. microcephalum in the length of the spicules and the shape of the distal tip of the spicules, and from C. rudolphii (sensu lato) in the shape and size of the ventro-lateral and dorsal lips and by having interlabia which are not distally bifurcate. Further studies are needed to determine which morphological characteristics can be used to distinguish the cryptic species of the C. rudolphii complex in order to assign them with formal names. The recovery of a third species, C. bioccai, from the brown pelican confirms its occurrence in this host and extends its known geographical distribution.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Luis A Gomez-Puerta: Role: ND
                Asucena Naupay: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): rpb
                Title: Revista Peruana de Biología
                Abbreviated Title: Rev. peru biol.
                Publisher: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Lima, , Peru )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1727-9933
                Publication date (Print and electronic): January 2019
                Volume: 26
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 149-156
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria
                Article
                Publisher ID: S1727-99332019000100018
                DOI: 10.15381/rpb.v26i1.15919
                SO-VID: 3cb4f99f-721c-43e8-bd50-cadb3dc598aa
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 30 July 2018
                Date accepted : 25 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Subject: Notas Científicas

                Keywords: Helmintos,gaviota peruana,Larus belcheri,Nematoda,Skrjabinoclava,Contracaecum,Trematoda,Maritrema,Acanthocephala,Profilicollis altmani,Helminths,Peruvian gull
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Helmintos, gaviota peruana, Larus belcheri, Nematoda, Skrjabinoclava, Contracaecum, Trematoda, Maritrema, Acanthocephala, Profilicollis altmani, Helminths, Peruvian gull

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